{"id":3667,"date":"2023-11-18T20:15:17","date_gmt":"2023-11-18T17:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/?p=3667"},"modified":"2023-11-18T20:15:17","modified_gmt":"2023-11-18T17:15:17","slug":"kabede-dunyaya-gelen-tek-insan-imam-ali-a-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/3667\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00e2be\u2019de D\u00fcnya&#8217;ya Gelen Tek \u0130nsan: \u0130mam Ali (a.s)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3668\" src=\"http:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/326.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"183\" \/><\/div>\n<div>Ehlibeyt (a.s) Haber Ajans\u0131 ABNA &#8211; Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talip (Arap\u00e7a: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628, \u0130ngilizce: Ali b. Abi Talib) (Hicretten 23 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u2013 Hicr\u00ee 40) t\u00fcm \u015eia f\u0131rkalar\u0131n\u0131n birinci imam\u0131 ve Ehlis\u00fcnnet nezdinde Hulefa-i Ra\u015fidin\u2019dendir (Ra\u015fid Halifeler veya D\u00f6rt B\u00fcy\u00fck Halifelerden). Kendi<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Ehlibeyt (a.s) Haber Ajans\u0131 ABNA &#8211; Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talip (Arap\u00e7a: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628, \u0130ngilizce: Ali b. Abi Talib) (Hicretten 23 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u2013 Hicr\u00ee 40) t\u00fcm \u015eia f\u0131rkalar\u0131n\u0131n birinci imam\u0131 ve Ehlis\u00fcnnet nezdinde Hulefa-i Ra\u015fidin\u2019dendir (Ra\u015fid Halifeler veya D\u00f6rt B\u00fcy\u00fck Halifelerden). Kendisi vahiy k\u00e2tibi idi. \u015eia tarih\u00e7ileri ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ehlis\u00fcnnet \u00e2liminin s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re K\u00e2be\u2019nin i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. O, Hz. Peygambere (s.a.a) iman eden ilk ki\u015fi ve \u00fcmmetten Allah\u2019a ibadet eden hi\u00e7 kimse olmadan yedi y\u0131l \u00f6nce Peygamberle (s.a.a) birlikte Allah\u2019a ibadet etmekteydi.[1] \u015eia a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan O, Allah\u2019\u0131n emri ve Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) tasrihi ile Allah Resul\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (s.a.a) fas\u0131las\u0131z halifesidir.<br \/>\nKur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim ayetleri[2] de onun masum oldu\u011funa ve kir ve g\u00fcnahtan temiz oldu\u011funa delalet etmektedir.<br \/>\n300 kadar ayet[3], onun fazileti hakk\u0131nda nazil olmu\u015ftur.[4] O, Hz. Fat\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n (s.a) e\u015fi ve On Bir \u015eia \u0130mam\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131d\u0131r. Kurey\u015f, Hz. Peygamberi (s.a.a) \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi kast etti\u011finde o, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n sapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Peygamberin yata\u011f\u0131na yatm\u0131\u015f ve bu yolla Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) gizlice hicret etmi\u015ftir.[5] Peygamber, kendi karde\u015flik akdini onunla yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[6] Kendisi \u2013Peygamberin emri ile Tebuk sava\u015f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- Hz. Peygamberin t\u00fcm sava\u015flar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n en onurlu ve iftihar edilen komutan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nHz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) nass\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak peygamber d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6\u00e7er g\u00f6\u00e7mez, Sakife\u2019de bir grup Ebu Bekir\u2019e halife unvan\u0131 ile biat etmi\u015f, Hz. Ali (a.s) ise 25 y\u0131l sessiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osman\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u0131srar ve h\u00fccumu ile h\u00fck\u00fcmetin sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.[7] K\u0131sa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde \u00fc\u00e7 a\u011f\u0131r i\u00e7 sava\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015f ve sonunda K\u00fcfe mescidinin mihrab\u0131nda namaz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Haric\u00eelerden biri taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehit edilmi\u015f ve gizlice Necef\u2019te topra\u011fa verilmi\u015ftir.[8] Hz. Ali (a.s) \u00fc\u00e7 halife d\u00f6neminde, onlara dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapmay\u0131 onlardan esirgememi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Peygamberin hicretini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in o \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. Onun d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 onu k\u00f6t\u00fcleyen ve karalayan \u00e7ok say\u0131da hadis uydurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca Emeviler d\u00f6neminde Muaviye\u2019nin emri ile ona t\u00fcm minberlerde lanet okumu\u015flard\u0131r ve onu \u00f6venleri tehdit etmekle kalmam\u0131\u015flar hapislere atm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir ve hatta Ali ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara koymay\u0131 bile yasaklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[9] Arap Edebiyat\u0131, kelam, f\u0131k\u0131h, tefsir gibi \u0130slam ilimlerinin bir \u00e7o\u011funun dizi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ona ula\u015fmakta ve \u00e7e\u015fitli f\u0131rkalar kendi senet silsilelerini ona ula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. Hz. Ali (a.s) fiziksel olarak fevkalade g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, cesur ve ayn\u0131 zamanda sab\u0131rl\u0131, al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131, iyi ge\u00e7imli ve heybet sahibi birisiydi. O, dalkavuklara kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetle davran\u0131r ve halk ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin e\u015fit haklar\u0131n\u0131 onlara hat\u0131rlat\u0131rd\u0131.[10] Adaletin icras\u0131nda \u00e7ok kat\u0131yd\u0131.<br \/>\nAli b. Ebu Talip b. Ha\u015fim b. Abd\u00fcl Menaf b. Kusay b. Kilab, Ha\u015fimi Kure\u015fi, t\u00fcm \u015eialar\u0131n birinci imam\u0131 ve Ehlis\u00fcnnet nezdinde ise H\u00fclafa-i Ra\u015fidin\u2019den d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc halifedir.<br \/>\n\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) babas\u0131 olan Ebu Talip, c\u00f6mert, adaletli ve Arap kabileleri aras\u0131nda sayg\u0131 duyulan bir insand\u0131. Kendisi Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) amcas\u0131, hamisi ve Kurey\u015f\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fahsiyetlerinden birisiydi.[11] Uzun y\u0131llar Hz. Resulullah\u2019\u0131 (s.a.a) himaye ettikten sonra imanl\u0131 olarak bi\u2019setin onunda vefat etti.[12] Annesi, Fat\u0131ma binti Esed b. Ha\u015fim b. Abd\u00fcl Menaf\u2019t\u0131r.[13]<\/p>\n<p>Erkek karde\u015fleri: Talip, Akil, Cafer\u2019dir. K\u0131z karde\u015fleri: Hint veya Umm\u00fc Hani, Cemane, Riyte veya \u00dcmm\u00fc Talip ve Esma\u2019d\u0131r.[14]<\/p>\n<p>Nesep, K\u00fcnye ve Lakaplar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcnyeleri: Ebu\u2019l Hasan, Ebu\u2019l H\u00fcseyin, Ebu\u2019l Sibteyn, Ebu\u2019l Reyhaneteyn, Ebu Turab ve Ebu\u2019l Eimme (\u0130mamlar)\u2019d\u0131r.<br \/>\nLakaplar\u0131: Emirulmuminin (M\u00fcminlerin emiri), Yasubu\u2019d Din ve\u2019l M\u00fcslim\u2019in, Mubiru\u2019\u015f \u015eirk ve\u2019l M\u00fc\u015frikin, Katilu\u2019n Nakisin ve\u2019l Kasitin ve\u2019l Marikin, Mevla\u2019l Mumin\u2019in, \u015eebih-i Harun (Harun\u2019a benzeyen), Haydar, Murtaza, Nefsu\u2019r Resul (Peygamberin nefsi), Ehu\u2019r Resul (Peygamberin karde\u015fi), Zevcu\u2019l Bet\u00fcl, Seyfullah el-Meslul, Emiru\u2019l Beraret, Katilu\u2019l Fecere, Kasimu\u2019l Cennet ve\u2019n Nar, Sahibu\u2019l Liva, Seyyidu\u2019l Arap, Ke\u015f\u015fafu\u2019l Kureb, S\u0131dd\u0131ku\u2019l Ekber, Zu\u2019l Karneyn, Hadi, Faruk, Dai, \u015eahit, Babu\u2019l Medine, Vali, Vasi, Kad\u0131 din-i Resulullah, Munciz-i Vade, en-Nebeu\u2019l Azim, S\u0131ratu\u2019l M\u00fcstakim ve\u2019l Enzau\u2019l Batin.[15]<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fumu ve \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) Fil Y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 30. Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019nda Recep Ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 13\u2019\u00fcnde Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Mekke\u2019de K\u00e2be\u2019nin i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyaya geldi.[16] Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) K\u00e2be\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya geli\u015fini: Seyyid Murtaza, \u015eeyh Mufid, Kutbu Ravendi, \u0130bn \u015eehria\u015fub gibi \u015eii \u00e2limleri ve H\u00e2kim Ni\u015faburi, Haf\u0131z Genci \u015eafii, \u0130bn Cevzi Hanefi, \u0130bn Sabba\u011f Maliki, Halebi ve Mesudi gibi S\u00fcnni \u00e2limleri tevat\u00fcr haddinde bilmektedirler.[17] Hicretin 40. Y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n 19\u2019unda Haric\u00eelerin birisi taraf\u0131ndan Kufe mescidinde \u015fafak vakti ba\u015f\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 darbesi sonucu ayn\u0131 ay\u0131n 21\u2019inde \u015fehit oldu ve gizlice defnedildi.[18]<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocukluk D\u00f6nemi<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Ali (a.s) 6 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken Mekke\u2019de k\u0131tl\u0131k oldu. Ebu Talip, aile sahibi idi ve kalabal\u0131k bir ailenin k\u0131tl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamak zordu. Bundan dolay\u0131, Hz. Muhammed (s.a.a) ve Hz. Muhammed\u2019in iki amcas\u0131 Abbas ve Hamza bu konuda Ebu Talib\u2019e yard\u0131m etmeye karar verdiler. Bu sebeple Abbas Cafer\u2019i, Hamza Talib\u2019i ve Hz. Muhammed\u2019de (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019yi (a.s) kendi evlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler.[19] \u0130mam Ali (a.s) o d\u00f6nemleri \u015f\u00f6yle y\u00e2d etmektedir: \u201c\u00c7ocuklu\u011fumda beni yan\u0131na al\u0131r, ba\u011fr\u0131na basar, yata\u011f\u0131na al\u0131r, v\u00fccudunu bana ili\u015ftirir, g\u00fczel kokusunu bana koklat\u0131rd\u0131. Lokmay\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnedikten sonra bana verirdi. Ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fimde bir yalan, ne de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u201d[20]<\/p>\n<p>Fiziksel \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Ali (a.s) orta boylu, k\u0131saya yak\u0131n ve dolgundu. Siyah g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve geni\u015f\u00e7e idi. Bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan \u015fefkat ve merhamet ak\u0131yordu. Ka\u015flar\u0131 uzunca ve biti\u015fikti. G\u00fczel y\u00fczl\u00fc ve insanlar\u0131n en \u00e7ekicilerinden say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu\u011fday tenli idi. G\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc ve ho\u015f \u00e7ehreli idi. Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki sa\u00e7lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ba\u015fka sa\u00e7\u0131 yoktu, sa\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Boynu beyazl\u0131ktan ibrik parlamas\u0131 gibi g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe \u00e7almaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcr sakall\u0131 ve yukar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fczelceydi. Omuzlar\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 aslan gibi ve geni\u015fti. Parmaklar\u0131 ince, kol ve bilekleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. O kadar \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc ki birisinin elini tuttu\u011funda ona egemen olur, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf nefes alma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybederdi. Karn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ve s\u0131rt\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Sinesi geni\u015f ve \u00e7ok k\u0131ll\u0131, mafsallarla birbirine birle\u015fen kemiklerinin ba\u015f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Kaslar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fckl\u00fcml\u00fc ve k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131, ayaklar\u0131 uzunca ve dard\u0131. El ve ayak kaslar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc ve yol y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada \u00f6ne do\u011fru e\u011fimli idi.[21]<\/p>\n<p>Fiziksel G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Kuteybe \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cO, her kimle d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcyse onu yere sermi\u015ftir.\u201d[22] \u0130bn Ebu\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201c\u0130mam\u0131n fiziksel g\u00fcc\u00fc, atas\u00f6z\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Hayber kalesini yerinden s\u00f6ken o olmu\u015ftur, h\u00e2lbuki bir grup onu \u00e7evirmek istemi\u015f, ama ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2013Ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir put olan- Hebel putunu K\u00e2be\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnden o yere atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Hilafet d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ta\u015f\u0131 yerinden kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve alt\u0131ndan su akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, h\u00e2lbuki ordunun tamam\u0131 bunu ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[23]<\/p>\n<p>E\u015fleri ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) ilk e\u015fi, Hz. Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) k\u0131z\u0131 Hz. Fat\u0131ma\u2019d\u0131r (s.a).[24] Hz. Ali\u2019den (a.s) \u00f6nce Ebu Bekir, \u00d6mer \u0130bn Hattap ve Abdurrahman b. Afv gibiler Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) k\u0131z\u0131yla evlilik i\u00e7in haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015fler, ancak Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) Hz. Zehra\u2019n\u0131n izdivac\u0131 konusunda vahyi bekledi\u011fini buyurmu\u015ftur.[25] Tarih\u00e7iler Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Hz. Fat\u0131ma (s.a) ile evlili\u011finin tarihi hakk\u0131nda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahiptirler: Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Hicretin ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda Zilhicce ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda,[26] baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015eevval ay\u0131nda ve bir grup ise Muharrem ay\u0131n\u0131n 21\u2019inde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[27] Hz. Ali ve Hz. Zehra\u2019n\u0131n evliliklerinden: Hasan, H\u00fcseyin, Muhsin,[28] Zeyneb-i K\u00fcbra ve \u00dcmm\u00fc G\u00fcls\u00fcm olmak \u00fczere be\u015f \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. Hz. Fat\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n (s.a) \u015fehadetinden sonra, Ebu\u2019l As b. Rebi\u2019 b. Abdu\u2019l Uzza b. Abdu\u2019\u015f \u015eems\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmame ile evlenmi\u015ftir. \u00dcmame\u2019nin annesi, Hz. Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) k\u0131z\u0131 (yahut evlatl\u0131\u011f\u0131) Zeynep\u2019tir. Hizam b. Darem Kilabiye\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l Benin, Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) kendisine nik\u00e2hlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer kad\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l Benin\u2019den olma Hz. Abbas (a.s), Osman, Cafer ve Abdullah adl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hepsi Kerbela\u2019da \u015fehit olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l Benin\u2019den sonra, Mesut b. Halit Neh\u015feliye Temimi\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Leyla ile evlenmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Esma binti Umeys Has\u2019ami ile evlenmi\u015ftir. Yahya ve Avn Hz. Ali\u2019nin bu kad\u0131ndan olma \u00e7ocuklar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) bir di\u011fer e\u015fi de Sahba diye bilinen Rebi\u2019i Te\u011flibiye\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc Habip\u2019tir. Cafer b. Kays b. M\u00fcslimet Hanefi yahut ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re \u0130yas\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Havlet, Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) bir di\u011fer e\u015fidir. Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Muhammed b. Hanefiye adl\u0131 o\u011flu bu kad\u0131ndand\u0131r. Hz. Ali (a.s) ayr\u0131ca Urve b. Mesut Sakafi\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc Said ve Emri\u2019l Kays b. Adiy Kelbi\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Muhayyat\u2019la da evlenmi\u015ftir.[29] Genel olarak \u015eeyh Mufid, Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan 27\u2019sinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 zikretmekte ve \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u015eialardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Peygamber efendimizin ismini Muhsin koydu\u011fu Hz. Zehra\u2019n\u0131n (s.a) bir ba\u015fka \u00e7ocu\u011funun daha oldu\u011funu zikretmi\u015flerdir, ancak Peygamberin (s.a.a) vefat\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7ocuk d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu hesaba g\u00f6re \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 28\u2019dir:<\/p>\n<p>Hasan<br \/>\nH\u00fcseyin<br \/>\nZeyneb-i K\u00fcbra<br \/>\n\u00dcmm\u00fc G\u00fcls\u00fcm k\u00fcnyesiyle bilinen Zeyneb-i Su\u011fra<br \/>\nMuhsin. Bu be\u015f ki\u015finin anneleri Hz. Zehra\u2019d\u0131r.<br \/>\nMuhammed, k\u00fcnyesi Ebu\u2019l Kas\u0131m ve annesi Cafer b. Kays Hanefiyye\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Havlet\u2019tir.<br \/>\n\u00d6mer<br \/>\nRukayye, bu ikisi ikiz ve anneleri Rebi\u2019i\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc Habip\u2019tir.<br \/>\nAbbas<br \/>\nCafer<br \/>\nOsman<br \/>\nAbdullah. Bu d\u00f6rd\u00fc de Kerbela\u2019da \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, anneleri Hizam b. Halit b. Darim\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l Benin\u2019dir.<br \/>\nMuhammed Esgar ve k\u00fcnyesi Ebu Bekir\u2019dir.<br \/>\nUbeydullah. Bu ikisi Kerbela\u2019da \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Anneleri Mesut Darimiye\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Leyla\u2019d\u0131r.<br \/>\nYahya. Annesi Umeys Has\u2019amiyye\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Esma\u2019d\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l Hasan<br \/>\nRamle. Bu ikisinin annesi Urve b. Mesut Sakafi\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc Said\u2019dir.<br \/>\nNefise<br \/>\nZeyneb-i Su\u011fra<br \/>\nRukayye Su\u011fra<br \/>\n\u00dcmm\u00fc Hani<br \/>\n\u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l Kiram<br \/>\nCemanet. K\u00fcnyesi \u00dcmm\u00fc Cafer\u2019dir<br \/>\n\u00dcmame<br \/>\n\u00dcmm\u00fc Selme<br \/>\nMeymune<br \/>\nHatice<br \/>\nFat\u0131ma<br \/>\n\u015eeyh Mufid, sonda adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7enlerin annelerinin isimlerini belirtmemi\u015f ve onlar hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli annelerden olma demi\u015ftir.[30]<br \/>\nHz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) Sava\u015flar\u0131<br \/>\n\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n sadr\u0131ndaki gazve ve seriyyelerde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Teb\u00fck Gazvesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm gazvelerde Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) yan\u0131nda yer alarak sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[31] Kendisi Hz. Muhammed\u2019den (s.a.a) sonra ikinci askeri \u015fahsiyet unvan\u0131 ile b\u00fcy\u00fck roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bedir Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Bedir Sava\u015f\u0131, Hicr\u00ee 2. Y\u0131l\u0131n Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n on yedisinde Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc K\u00e2firlerle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda Bedir kuyular\u0131 yan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ilk sava\u015ft\u0131r.[32] Bu sava\u015fta M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Ebu Cehil, Utbe, \u015eebih ve \u00dcmeyye gibi k\u00e2firlerin \u00f6nde gelenlerinden olmak \u00fczere M\u00fc\u015friklerden yetmi\u015f kadar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap sava\u015flar\u0131nda genel sald\u0131r\u0131dan \u00f6nce \u201cer dileme&#8221; (M\u00fcbareze) hadisesi diye bilinen birebir sava\u015f gelene\u011fi vard\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 Utbe b. Rebi\u2019i Emevi, Velid adl\u0131 o\u011flu ve karde\u015fi \u015eebih, Hz. Peygamberden (s.a.a) kendileriyle sava\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendilerine denk sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar g\u00f6ndermesini istediler. Hz. Muhammed (s.a.a) Hz. Ali (a.s), Hz. Hamza ve Ubeyde b. Haris\u2019i onlarla sava\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015f meydan\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi. Hz. Ali (a.s) Velid\u2019i, Hz. Hamza ise Utbe\u2019yi yere serdikten sonra Ubeyde\u2019ye yard\u0131m ederek d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u015eebih\u2019i de \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler.[33] Bu sava\u015fta ayr\u0131ca Hanzala, As b. Said b. Adiy ve M\u00fc\u015friklerden yirmi kadar\u0131 da Hz. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[34]<\/p>\n<p>Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130slam Ordusunda herkesten \u00f6nde ve \u00f6nce, Hz. Ali (a.s), Hz. Hamza, Ebu D\u00fccane ve di\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015fman saflar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatt\u0131lar. Hz. Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) her taraftan Kurey\u015f Ordusu gruplar\u0131nca sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framaktayd\u0131. Hz. Peygambere (s.a.a) hangi grup sald\u0131r\u0131yorduysa Hz. Ali (a.s) Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) emri ile o gruba sald\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Cebrail nazil olarak Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00f6zveri ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) nezdinde \u00f6verek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cBu, onun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nihayetidir.\u201d Hz. Resulullah (s.a.a) da Cebrail\u2019i tasdik ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cBen Ali\u2019den o da bendendir.\u201d Sonra g\u00f6kte bir ses \u015f\u00f6yle yank\u0131land\u0131: \u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc ; \u201cAli\u2019den ba\u015fka yi\u011fit, Z\u00fclfikar\u2019dan ba\u015fka k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 yoktur.\u201d[35]<\/p>\n<p>Hendek Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) Hendek sava\u015f\u0131nda ashab\u0131yla isti\u015fare etti\u011finde, Salman\u0131 Farisi sald\u0131rganlar ile aralar\u0131nda fas\u0131la olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Medine \u00e7evresine hendek kaz\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisinde bulundu.[36] \u0130ki ordu ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn hende\u011fin iki taraf\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar ve bazen birbirlerine ta\u015f ve ok at\u0131yorlard\u0131. Sonunda (k\u00fcffar ordusundan) Amr b. Abdevud birka\u00e7 ki\u015fiyle birlikte hende\u011fin en dar yerinden kendilerini hende\u011fin di\u011fer taraf\u0131na atmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Hz. Ali (a.s) Amr\u2019la sava\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Hz. Peygamber efendimizden (s.a.a) istekte bulundu. Hz. Peygamber de onun bu iste\u011fini kabul etti. Hz. Ali (a.s) Amr\u2019la m\u00fcbarezeye ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra onu yere sererek \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.[37] Hz. Ali (a.s) Amr\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) huzuruna getirdi\u011finde, Allah Resul\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0646 ; \u201cAli&#8217;nin (a.s) Hendek g\u00fcn\u00fc bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 darbesi, insanlar\u0131n ve cinlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn ibadetlerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d[38]<\/p>\n<p>Hayber Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Hayber Sava\u015f\u0131, Hicretin sekizinde Cemaziy\u00fclevvel ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Hz. Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) Yahudilerin kalelerine sald\u0131r\u0131 emri verdi.[39] Ebu Bekir ve \u00d6mer gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da ashap Yahudilerin kalelerini fethedemeyince Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cYar\u0131n sanca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yle birine verece\u011fim ki Allah ve Resul\u00fc onu sever, o da Allah ve Resul\u00fc sever.\u201d[40] Sabah olunca Hz. Ali\u2019yi (a.s) isteyerek sanca\u011f\u0131 ona verdi. Hz. Ali (a.s) Z\u00fclfikar\u2019\u0131n\u0131 eline alarak meydana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada kalkan\u0131n\u0131 kaybedince kale kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan birini yerinden s\u00f6kerek sava\u015f\u0131n sonuna kadar onu kendisine kalkan olarak kulland\u0131.[41]<\/p>\n<p>Mekke\u2019nin Fethi<\/p>\n<p>Allah Resul\u00fc (s.a.a) Hicretin sekizinci y\u0131l\u0131nda Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Mekke\u2019yi fethetmek i\u00e7in Medine\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Sa\u2019d b. Ubade\u2019nin elinde olan sanca\u011f\u0131 alarak Hz. Ali\u2019ye (a.s) verdi ve \u0130slam ordusu hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Mekke\u2019nin fethinden sonra Peygamber efendimiz t\u00fcm putlar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in emir verdi. Hz. Ali Hz. Peygamberin emri ile Peygamber efendimizin omuzuna \u00e7\u0131karak Hazai gibi K\u00e2be\u2019nin \u00fczerindeki sa\u011flam ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 putlar\u0131 k\u0131rarak yere d\u00f6kt\u00fc.[42]<\/p>\n<p>Huneyn Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Huneyn Sava\u015f\u0131, Hicretin sekizinci y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana geldi. Havazin ve Sakif kabilesinin \u00f6nde gelenleri Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) Mekke\u2019nin fethiyle birlikte s\u0131ran\u0131n onlara gelece\u011fi korkusuna kap\u0131larak kendilerinin daha \u00f6nce M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara sald\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler.[43] Hz. Ali (a.s) bu sava\u015fta Muhacirlerin sancaktar\u0131 idi. Bu sava\u015fta d\u00fc\u015fman birliklerinden k\u0131rk kadar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.[44]<\/p>\n<p>Teb\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) yan\u0131nda yer almayarak kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek sava\u015f, Teb\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Hz. Ali (a.s) Hz. Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) emri ile g\u0131yab\u0131nda m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n komplolar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Medine\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Medine\u2019de kalmas\u0131yla m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar s\u00f6ylenti ve dedikodu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine Hz. Ali (a.s) m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00f6ylentilerini bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmak ve fitneyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in silah\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fanarak h\u0131zla \u015fehrin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Peygamberin huzuruna \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan dedikoduyu haber verdi. \u0130\u015fte burada Hz. Resulullah (s.a.a) \u201cMenzilet Hadisini\u201d buyurdu: \u201cKarde\u015fim Ali, Medine\u2019ye geri d\u00f6n, zira ben ve senin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kimse oray\u0131 idare etmek i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Oysa sen, Ehlibeytim, evim ve kavmim i\u00e7inde benim temsilcim ve ard\u0131l\u0131ms\u0131n. \u2018Ey Ali! Senin bana olan menzilet ve konumun Harun\u2019un Musa\u2019ya olan konumu gibidir; ancak benden sonra peygamber olmayacakt\u0131r.\u2019 Bundan ho\u015fnut de\u011fil misin?\u201d[45]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mamet Delilleri<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali b. Ebu Talib\u2019in (a.s) Hz. Peygamer Ekrem\u2019den (s.a.a) sonra imaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve halifeli\u011fine delalet eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da ayet ve hadisler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Onlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlardan ibarettir:<\/p>\n<p>\u0130taat Ayeti<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u06cc\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u06cc\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0650\u06cc\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0640\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0650\u06cc\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u06a9\u0645\u0652 ; (Terc\u00fcme: Ey iman edenler! Allah&#8217;a itaat edin. Peygamber&#8217;e ve sizden olan ululemre (emir sahiplerine) de itaat edin.)(4\u201359) Bu ayet \u015eia \u00e2limlerinin ittifak\u0131 ile \u0130mam Ali (a.s) ve \u0130mamlar (a.s) hakk\u0131nda nazil olmu\u015f ve onlara itaat etmenin farz oldu\u011funa delildir.[46]<\/p>\n<p>Velayet Ayeti<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u06cc\u06a9\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0640\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u06cc\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u06cc\u0646\u064e \u06cc\u0642\u0650\u06cc\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u06cc\u0624\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u06a9\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e \u0627\u06a9\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e ; (Terc\u00fcme: \u015e\u00fcphesiz sizin \u2018veliyi emriniz\u2019 ancak Allah&#8217;t\u0131r, Resul\u00fcd\u00fcr ve Allah&#8217;a iman ederek namaz\u0131 k\u0131lan ve r\u00fck\u00fb halindeyken zek\u00e2t verenlerdir.)(5\u201355) Bu ayet, \u0130mam Ali ve di\u011fer \u0130mamlar\u0131n (a.s) velayetini ispat etmektedir. M\u00fcfessirler bu velayet ayetinin n\u00fczul sebebinin \u0130mam Ali (a.s) hakk\u0131nda ve r\u00fck\u00fb halindeyken y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc fakir birisine vermesiyle ilgili oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015flerdir.[47]<\/p>\n<p>Menzilet Hadisi: Allah Resul\u00fc (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019ye hitaben \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc ; (Terc\u00fcme: Ey Ali! Senin bana olan menzilet ve konumun Harun\u2019un Musa\u2019ya olan konumu gibidir; ancak benden sonra peygamber olmayacakt\u0131r.)[48]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nzar G\u00fcn\u00fc Hadisi: Allah Resul\u00fc (s.a.a) risalet ve peygamberli\u011fini kavmine ibla\u011f etti\u011finde yaln\u0131zca Hz. Ali (a.s) Peygamberin davetine icabet etmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062e\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc ; (Terc\u00fcme: Sen benim karde\u015fim, vezirim ve benden sonra varisim ve halifemsin.)[49]<\/p>\n<p>Gadir Hadisesi<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) hicretin onuncu y\u0131l\u0131 hac farizas\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmek ve hac merasimini insanlara \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in Mekke\u2019ye gitti. Hac merasimi sona erince Hz. Peygamberi (s.a.a) u\u011furlamaya gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131kla birlikte Medine\u2019ye do\u011fru gitti. Zilhicce ay\u0131n\u0131n on sekizinde kafileler Cuhfe yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Gadir-i Hum denilen yere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hz. Peygambere (s.a.a) Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talib\u2019in (a.s) velayet ahdini insanlara ibla\u011f etmesi i\u00e7in vahiy indi. Bunun \u00fczerine Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) geridekilerin yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nde olanlar\u0131n durmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Daha sonra Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) ilah\u00ee emri ibla\u011f etti: (Tebli\u011f Ayeti)[50] \u06cc\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u06cc\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u063a\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0650\u0651\u06a9 \u06d6 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u063a\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0631\u0650 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u06da \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0640\u0647\u064f \u06cc\u0639\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0645\u064f\u06a9 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u06d7 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0640\u0647\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u06cc\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0650 \u06cc\u0646\u064e (Terc\u00fcme: Ey Peygamber! Rabbinden sana indirileni tebli\u011f et. E\u011fer bunu yapmazsan, O\u2019nun verdi\u011fi peygamberlik g\u00f6revini yerine getirmemi\u015f olursun. Allah, seni insanlardan korur. \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah, k\u00e2firler toplulu\u011funu hidayete erdirmeyecektir.) (5\u201367) Bu ayet indikten sonra Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) insanlara \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0630\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0630\u0644\u0647 (Terc\u00fcme: \u201cBen m\u00fcminlere kendi nefislerinden daha evla de\u011fil miyim?\u201d Dediler ki: \u201cEvet\u201d, Buyurdu ki: \u201cBen kimin Mevla ve \u00f6nderi isem Ali de onun Mevla ve \u00f6nderidir. Allah&#8217;\u0131m! Onu seveni sev, ona d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k edene d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k et. Ona yard\u0131m edene yard\u0131m et, onu yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakan\u0131 yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak.)[51]<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) Vefat\u0131 ve Sakife<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son demlerinde, Hz. Ali (a.s) Resulullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na geldi. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019yle (a.s) uzun s\u0131rlar payla\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra Peygamberin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddetlendi ve Hz. Ali\u2019ye \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cBa\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kuca\u011f\u0131na koy, zira ilah\u00ee emir yeti\u015fti. Her ne vakit ruhum bedenimden \u00e7\u0131karsa onu al ve y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7ek ve sonra beni k\u0131bleye d\u00f6nd\u00fcr ve te\u00e7hiz et. Sonra halktan \u00f6nce bana namaz k\u0131l ve naa\u015f\u0131m\u0131 topra\u011fa defnetmeden \u00f6nce benden ayr\u0131lma ve Allah\u2019tan yard\u0131m dile.\u201d[52] Hz. Muhammed Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n (s.a.a) vefat\u0131ndan sonra, Hz. Ali ve Ha\u015fim O\u011fullar\u0131 Peygamberin te\u00e7hiz ve defin i\u015flemleri ile me\u015fgul olduklar\u0131 s\u0131rada Ebu Bekir, \u00d6mer, Ebu Ubeyde, Abdurrahman b. Afv, Sa\u2019d b. Ubade, Sabit b. Kays, Osman b. Affan gibi Muhacir ve Ensar\u2019dan baz\u0131lar\u0131 yola koyularak Beni Saide\u2019nin Sakife\u2019sinde topland\u0131lar. Burada h\u00fck\u00fcmetin gelece\u011fini konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Aralar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. Sonunda Gadir hadisesi dikkate al\u0131nmadan Ebu Bekir\u2019i Hz. Peygamberden (s.a.a) sonra halife unvan\u0131 ile tan\u0131tt\u0131lar.[53]<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 Halife D\u00f6nemi<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 halifenin her birinin halifelik d\u00f6neminde, Ehlibeyt (a.s) i\u00e7in ac\u0131 olaylar ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) evine sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmesi ve Ebu Bekir i\u00e7in biat al\u0131nmas\u0131,[54] Fedek\u2019in gasp ve tasarruf[55] edilmesi ve Hz. Fat\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n (s.a) \u015fehadeti gibi. 25 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bu d\u00f6nemde, \u0130mam Ali (a.s) \u0130slam toplumunun sair i\u015flerinden geri durmad\u0131, bilakis ilmi ve sosyal konularda \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 bir araya toplad\u0131; dini konular, fetihler ve \u00fclke y\u00f6neticili\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 halifeye dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapt\u0131; fakir ve yetimlere infaklarda bulundu; bine varan k\u00f6le sat\u0131n alarak azat etti; \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik, fidanc\u0131l\u0131k, sondaj ve kanal a\u00e7ma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131; Medine\u2019de Fetih camisini yapt\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Hz. Hamza\u2019n\u0131n kabrinin yan\u0131nda bir cami, Mikat\u2019ta bir cami, Kufe\u2019de bir cami, Basra\u2019da bir cami yapt\u0131; y\u0131ll\u0131k kazanc\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131rk bin dinar\u0131 buldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen emlak ve mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n vakf\u0131[56] gibi bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Zorla Biat<\/p>\n<p>Hz. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) biat etmeye yana\u015fmamas\u0131 ve Ebu Bekir\u2019in hilafetine muhalefet eden bir grup sahabenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ebu Bekir ve \u00d6mer i\u00e7in ciddi risk ve tehlikeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bundan dolay\u0131 Ebu Bekir ve \u00d6mer bu tehlikeye son verme karar\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Bunu Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talib\u2019den (a.s) Ebu Bekir\u2019e zorla biat alarak sonland\u0131rmak istediler.[57] Ebu Bekir, Kunfuz\u2019u biat almas\u0131 i\u00e7in Hz. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) evine ka\u00e7 kere g\u00f6nderdiyse de \u0130mam Ali (a.s) kabul etmedi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00d6mer, Ebu Bekir\u2019e \u2018kendin kalk ve Ali b. Ebu Talib\u2019e gidelim\u2019, dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine Ebu Bekir, \u00d6mer, Osman, Halit \u0130bn Velid, Mu\u011fayre b. \u015eu\u2019be, Ebu Ubeyde Cerrah ve Kunfuz Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) evine gittiler. Bu grup evin kap\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131nca Hz. Zehra\u2019ya (s.a) hakaret ettikten sonra evin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 o, kap\u0131 ve duvar aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u0131rada ona \u00e7arpt\u0131lar, k\u0131rba\u00e7 ile vurdular;[58] \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye de sald\u0131rarak elbisesini boynuna dolayarak onu \u00e7eke \u00e7ek evden Sakife\u2019ye do\u011fru g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u0130mam Ali\u2019yi (a.s) Sakife mahalline g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra ondan Ebu Bekir\u2019e biat etmesini istediler. \u0130mam (a.s) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cBen, hilafete sizden daha lay\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve size biat etmeyece\u011fim. Sizin bana biat etmeniz daha uygundur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sizler Peygambere (s.a.a) yak\u0131n oldu\u011funuz iddias\u0131yla hilafeti Ensar\u2019dan ald\u0131n\u0131z ve \u015fimdi onu bizden gasp ediyorsunuz\u2026\u201d[59]<\/p>\n<p>Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in Toplanmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u015eia ve S\u00fcnni \u00e2limleri, \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Peygamberin (s.a.a) vasiyet ve tavsiyesi \u00fczerine Peygamberin vefat\u0131ndan sonra Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu izan etmi\u015flerdir.[60] Nitekim nakledilen bir rivayete g\u00f6re Hz. Ali (a.s) Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 toplamadan ridas\u0131n\u0131 omuzuna atmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair yemin etmi\u015ftir.[61] Ayr\u0131ca \u015f\u00f6yle rivayet edilmi\u015ftir: \u201cHz. Ali (a.s) Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) vefat\u0131ndan alt\u0131 ay sonra Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 bir araya getirerek toplad\u0131.\u201d[62]<\/p>\n<p>Rumlarla Sava\u015f<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) vefat ettikten ve Ebu Bekir, i\u015flerin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc eline ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, Peygamberin (s.a.a) Rumlarla sava\u015f emrini icra etme konusunda teredd\u00fct etmekteydi. Bundan dolay\u0131 bir grup sahabe ile bu konuyu isti\u015fare etti. Her birisi bir \u015feyler s\u00f6ylediler, ama onu ikna edemediler. Sonunda \u0130mam Ali (a.s) ile me\u015fveret etti. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) Peygamberin emri konusunda onu te\u015fvik ederek \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yledi: \u201cE\u011fer sava\u015f\u0131rsan zafer kazanacaks\u0131n.\u201d Ebu Bekir, \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) te\u015fviki ile sevinerek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u0130yi bir \u00f6nsezide bulundun ve hayr\u0131 m\u00fcjdeledin.[63]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130slam Tarihinin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00f6nerisi ile \u00d6mer, Hz. Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) Mekke\u2019den Medine\u2019ye hicretini \u0130slam tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul etti.[64]<\/p>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmet D\u00f6nemi<\/p>\n<p>Osman \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra, bir grup ashap \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) yan\u0131na gelerek \u015f\u00f6yle dediler: Bizler senden hilafete daha lay\u0131k kimseyi tan\u0131m\u0131yoruz; \u0130mam Ali (a.s) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cBenim size vezir olmam, emir olmamdan daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Onlar dediler ki: Sana biat etmek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015feyi kabul etmeyiz. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130mam (a.s) onlara biatin gizlide de\u011fil, cami de olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.[65] T\u00fcm Ensar birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hepsi Hz. Ali\u2019ye biat ettiler. Muhalefet edenler \u015funlard\u0131: Hassan b. Sabit, Ka\u2019b b. Malik, Meslemet b. Muhalled, Muhammed b. Musallim ve Osmaniye diye bilinen birka\u00e7 ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi. Ensar\u2019dan olmayanlar: Abdullah b. \u00d6mer, Zeyd b. Sabit ve Usame b. Zeyd. Bunlar da Osman\u2019a yak\u0131n insanlard\u0131.[66] \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) halk\u0131n biatine neden yana\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusuna gelince, denilebilir ki \u0130mam Ali (a.s) mevcut topluma rehberlik ederek kendi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve miyarlar\u0131n\u0131 icra etmekten daha bozuk g\u00f6rmekteydi.[67]<\/p>\n<p>Halk ve H\u00e2kimin Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 Haklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00f6neticinin halka olan hakk\u0131 ve halk\u0131n y\u00f6neticiye olan hakk\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n karar k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck hakt\u0131r ve tam olarak iki y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nitekim \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBa\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131 olan\u0131n, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n da onun \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131 olan\u0131n da, ba\u015fkas\u0131 \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Herkes \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131 olan, ama ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n onun \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131 olmayan kullar\u0131ndan kimse yoktur, yaln\u0131zca Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d[68]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan halk ve y\u00f6neticiler aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 haklara riayet etmenin bir \u00e7ok faydas\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTebaa emredenin hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve emreden de tebaan\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 eda ederse aralar\u0131nda hak \u00fcst\u00fcn olur, dinin esaslar\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015f\u0131r, adaletin ni\u015faneleri do\u011frulur, Peygamberin (s.a.a) s\u00fcnnetleri kendi yoluna girer ve halk aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olur.\u201d[69]<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonra \u0130mam (a.s) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHalk, emirine kar\u015f\u0131 koydu\u011fu, emir de halk\u0131na zulmetti\u011fi zaman aralar\u0131nda ihtilaf \u00e7\u0131kar, \u0130nsanlar\u0131n dert ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck haktan ve uygulamaya koyduklar\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck bat\u0131ldan korkmazlar. O zaman iyiler zillete d\u00fc\u015fer, k\u00f6t\u00fcler izzet sahibi olur. Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131na y\u00f6neltti\u011fi azaplar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fcr.\u201d[70]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) insanlar\u0131n \u015fahsiyet ve hukukuna olduk\u00e7a de\u011fer vermekteydi ve bu konu devlet memurlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen genelgelerde tam olarak netlik kazanmaktad\u0131r. Vergi ve hara\u00e7 toplamakla g\u00f6revli memurlar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan genelgede \u015f\u00f6yle ge\u00e7mektedir:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cO halde halka adaletli ve insafl\u0131 davran\u0131n, kendiniz hakk\u0131nda halka hak veriniz ve \u00e7ok tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc olunuz. Halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve istikametli olunuz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc siz halk\u0131n hazine memurlar\u0131, milletin vekilleri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin el\u00e7ilerisiniz.\u201d[71]<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde zek\u00e2t memurlar\u0131na tavsiye i\u00e7erikli mektubunda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n senden ho\u015flanmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde onlara davranma. Onun mal\u0131ndan Allah&#8217;\u0131n hakk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fazla bir \u015fey alma\u2026 Sonra onlara de ki: \u201cEy Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131! Allah\u2019\u0131n velisi ve halifesi, mallar\u0131n\u0131zdaki Allah\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 almam i\u00e7in beni g\u00f6nderdi. Mallar\u0131n\u0131zda Allah&#8217;\u0131n velisine verece\u011finiz Allah&#8217;\u0131n hakk\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d Birisi yok derse, ona m\u00fcracaat etme; birisi evet var derse, onu tehdit edip, korkutmadan onunla beraber git\u2026\u201d[72]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) Malik E\u015fter\u2019i M\u0131s\u0131r valili\u011fine atad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda atama karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHalk\u0131na merhametle muamele etmeyi kalbine \u015fiar, onlar\u0131 sevip, l\u00fctfetmeyi kendine huy edin. Onlara kar\u015f\u0131 yiyeceklerini ganimet bilen y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir canavar gibi olma. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar iki s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r: Bir k\u0131sm\u0131, dinde karde\u015findir, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fta senin e\u015findir\u2026\u201d[73]<\/p>\n<p>Adalet<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) hilafetinin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde halifelerin yanl\u0131\u015f uygulamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u2013 Beyt\u00fclmal\u0131 insanlar\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerindeki sava\u015flar\u0131ndaki \u00f6nceli\u011fi veya imanlar\u0131n\u0131n sab\u0131kas\u0131na vb. gibi \u015feylere g\u00f6re taksim ediyorlard\u0131- durarak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cOnlar\u0131n taksiminde e\u015fit davran\u0131n ve hi\u00e7 kimseyi hi\u00e7 kimseye tercih etmeyin\u2026 Ben Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 m\u00fctalaa ettim, ancak ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar \u0130smail\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u2013Yani Mekke Araplar\u0131n\u0131n- \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn ve faziletli oldu\u011funa dair bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131m.\u201d[74] Kendisi Ammar b. Yasir ve Ebu\u2019l Haysem b. Teyhan\u2019\u0131 Beyt\u00fclmal sorumlusu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve onlara yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u015f\u00f6yle emretmi\u015fti: \u201cArap ve acem ve her ne soy ve k\u00f6kenden olursa olsun herkesin beyt\u00fclmaldaki pay\u0131 e\u015fittir.\u201d[75] Ayr\u0131ca \u0130mam Ali (a.s) halife olduktan sonra, Osman\u2019\u0131n birilerine verdi\u011fi toprak ve arsalar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n mal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131n beyt\u00fclmala geri verilmesi emrini vermi\u015ftir.[76]<\/p>\n<p>Beyt\u00fclmal Hakk\u0131nda Dost ve Akrabalar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131<br \/>\nHz. Ali (a.s) beyt\u00fclmal konusunda \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 idi. Nitekim k\u0131z\u0131 inci bir kolyeyi beyt\u00fclmaldan emanet olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hem k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve hem de Ali b. Ebu Rafi\u2019yi \u015fiddetle sorgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[77] Ba\u015fka bir olayda da \u0130mam Ali (a.s) yaranlar\u0131ndan birisinin \u00f6zel bir mal iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cBu mal ne benimdir ve ne de senin, bilakis k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la elde edilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in bir ganimettir. E\u011fer sen sava\u015fta onlarla ortakt\u0131ysan, onlar\u0131n pay\u0131 kadar senin de ondan bir pay\u0131n vard\u0131r, yoksa onlar\u0131n elleri ile toplad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n bo\u011faz\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u201d[78]<\/p>\n<p>Din ve Yasalar\u0131n \u0130cras\u0131nda Kat\u0131 ve S\u0131k\u0131 Kurall\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Ali efendimiz (a.s) din i\u015flerinde tolerans\u0131z ve kat\u0131 kurall\u0131 idi. \u0130\u015fte bu sebep, onu baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in tahamm\u00fcl edilmez k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki olay bunu ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n<p>Bir g\u00fcn Kamber\u2019e adam\u0131n birine had vurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in emretti. Kamber duygular\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalarak \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131rba\u00e7 fazladan vurdu. Hz. Ali (a.s), \u00fc\u00e7 fazla k\u0131rbac\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda o adam\u0131 Kamber\u2019e k\u0131rba\u00e7 vurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorlad\u0131.[79]<br \/>\nBasra e\u015fraf\u0131ndan birisi, bir gece Osman b. Huneyf\u2019i (Basra valisi) a\u011f\u0131rlayarak onun i\u00e7in bir meclis d\u00fczenledi. Bu ziyafetin haberi Hz. Ali\u2019ye (a.s) ula\u015f\u0131nca, hazret hemen Osman b. Huneyf\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle bir mektup yazd\u0131: Ey Huneyf\u2019in o\u011flu! Basra e\u015fraf\u0131ndan birinin seni ziyafete \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, oraya ko\u015farak gitti\u011fini, \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit yemeklerin, kocaman kocaman k\u00e2selerin sana sunuldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendim\u2026 Bil ki her ki\u015finin uydu\u011fu, yolundan gitti\u011fi, ilminin nuruyla \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir imam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yine bil ki sizin imam\u0131n\u0131z, d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda eskimi\u015f bir elbise ve iki lokma ekme\u011fiyle yetinmektedir\u2026\u201d[80]<br \/>\nDalkavukluk ve \u00d6vg\u00fcc\u00fclere \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015fma<br \/>\n\u0130mam Ali (a.s) insanlar\u0131n \u00f6vg\u00fc ve iltifatlar\u0131ndan b\u0131kk\u0131nd\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 bu tutumlar\u0131ndan \u015fiddetle nehyetmekteydi. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6yk\u00fcler bunun a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) S\u0131ff\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, Kufe\u2019de Harp b. \u015eerhebil \u015eayani \u2013 kendisi yaya idi- \u0130mamla \u2013 atl\u0131 idi- birlikte hareket ediyordu. \u0130mam (a.s) durarak Harb\u2019a: \u201cGeri d\u00f6n\u201d dedi. Harp geri d\u00f6nmekten imtina etti. Hz. Ali (a.s) yeniden ona \u201cGeri d\u00f6n, senin gibi yaya birisinin benim gibi birisiyle hareket etmesi, vali ve y\u00f6netici i\u00e7in fitne, m\u00fcmin i\u00e7in zillet ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u201d Dedi.[81]<br \/>\nBir g\u00fcn ashaptan birisi \u0130mam Ali\u2019yi (a.s) \u00f6v\u00fcnce, \u0130mam \u015fiddetle onu bundan sak\u0131nd\u0131rarak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cBilin ki Emir sahiplerinin Salihlerin yan\u0131nda en a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 say\u0131lan durumlar\u0131, onlar\u0131n b\u00f6b\u00fcrlendi\u011fi ve i\u015flerinin daha iyi bir \u015fekilde yoluna koyulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131lmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Ben hatta zihinlerinizden benim \u00f6v\u00fclme ve methedilmeyi sevdi\u011fimin ve bu t\u00fcr \u00f6vg\u00fc ve metihleri duymaktan ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n ge\u00e7mesinden bile rahats\u0131z\u0131m\u2026 Zalim ve gaddarla konu\u015ftu\u011funuz gibi benimle konu\u015fmay\u0131n, s\u00f6ylenen \u00f6vg\u00fc dolu tantanal\u0131 s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6ylemeyin bana\u2026\u201d[82]<br \/>\n\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Ordusu \u015eam\u2019a sefer ederken, ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Enbar \u015fehrinin b\u00fcy\u00fckleri, sayg\u0131 ifadesi olarak saf tutarak \u0130mam (a.s) yakla\u015f\u0131nca atlar\u0131ndan inip \u00f6n\u00fcnde ko\u015ftuklar\u0131nda; \u201cBu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z nedir?\u201d diye sordu. Onlar; \u201cBu bizim gelenimizdir; emirlerimize b\u00f6yle sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steririz.\u201d dediler. \u0130mam (a.s) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu; \u201cVallahi emirleriniz bundan faydalanmamaktalar. Sizler b\u00f6yle yapmakla d\u00fcnyada kendinize zahmet veriyorsunuz; ahirette de bu i\u015finizden dolay\u0131 ilah\u00ee azaba ve ebedi cezaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d[83]<\/p>\n<p>Askeri Yap\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) orduyu, halk\u0131n sa\u011flam s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131, y\u00f6neticilerin haysiyeti, dinin g\u00f6rkemi ve \u00fclkenin emniyeti olarak g\u00f6rmekte, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise \u00fclke ekonomisinin durumuna ve halk\u0131n vergileri, devlet memurlar\u0131, t\u00fcccarlar, sanatk\u00e2rlara ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n devam\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00fclkenin h\u0131fz\u0131 i\u00e7in devletin genel yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.[84] Askerlerin se\u00e7imi hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: askerler \u015fahsiyetli ki\u015filerden, asil ailelerden ve deneyimlerine g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmelidir. Onlarla toplum lideri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler olmal\u0131 ve mali olarak temin edilmelidirler.[85] \u0130mam Ali (a.s) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan halk, devletin en asli savunma yedek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer onlara destek verilmezse, devletin resmi askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn uzun soluklu bir sava\u015fta da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve devletin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fi s\u0131ra getirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Nitekim \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: \u201ctoplumun e\u015fraf grubu, her zaman h\u00fck\u00fcmete a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler y\u00fcklemektedir, zira zor g\u00fcnlerde yard\u0131mlar\u0131 az, adaletin icras\u0131 konusunda herkesten daha rahats\u0131z ve sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daha az istikamet sahibidirler. H\u00e2lbuki dinin sa\u011flam s\u00fctunlar\u0131, hareketli \u0130slam toplumu ve savunma yedek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, genel halk kitlesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[86]<\/p>\n<p>Valiler<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali (a.s) h\u00fck\u00fcmeti boyunca, \u015fehirlere valiler atam\u0131\u015f veya yerlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Onlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlardan ibarettir: Muhammed b. Ebu Huzeyfe, M\u0131s\u0131r valisi, Kays b. Sa\u2019d b. Ubade, \u00f6nce M\u0131s\u0131r sonra Azerbaycan valisi, Muhammed b. Ebu Bekir, M\u0131s\u0131r valisi, Malik E\u015fter Nahei, \u00f6nce Nusaybin ve Sencar ve ard\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r valisi oldu, Abdullah b. Abbas, Cemel sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Basra valisi, Ebu Ey\u00fcp el-Ensari, Medine valisi, Ebu Musa E\u015f\u2019eri, Osman taraf\u0131ndan Kufe valisi olarak atanm\u0131\u015f daha sonra Malik E\u015fter\u2019in \u00f6nerisi ile \u0130mam Ali (a.s) onu bir m\u00fcddet g\u00f6revde tutmu\u015f, ama bir s\u00fcre sonra hatalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 azletmi\u015ftir, Huriyet b. Ra\u015fit, Ahvaz valisi, Huzeyfe b. Yeman, Osman taraf\u0131ndan Medain valisi olarak atanm\u0131\u015f, \u0130mam Ali de onu g\u00f6revinde tutmu\u015ftur. Kumeyl ibn Ziyad, Heyt valisi, Muhannef b. S\u00fcleym, \u0130sfahan, Rey ve Hamedan valisi, S\u00fcleyman b. Sured, Cubbel valisi. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 valiler \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Malik E\u015fter, Muhammed b. Ebu Bekir, Abdullah b. Habbab Ert, Muhammed b. Ebu Huzeyfe, Ebu Hassan b. Hassan Bekri ve Halu b. Afv. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise \u0130mam\u2019\u0131n (a.s) zaman\u0131nda ileri ya\u015flar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Sehl b. Huneyf, Ebu Kutade ve Huzeyfe b. Yeman. Bir grup ise \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) son nefesine kadar g\u00f6revlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Kays b. Sa\u2019d, Osman b. Huneyf, Kumeyl, Sa\u2019d b. Mesut ve S\u00fcleyman b. Sured. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise g\u00f6revlerini ihmal ederek zaaf g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Ubeydullah b. Abbas ve Said b. Nemran azarlanm\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131nanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ihanetlerinden dolay\u0131 \u0130mam Ali (a.s) taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revden al\u0131narak azledilmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Munzir b. Carud ve Ukbe b. Amr.[87]<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015flar<br \/>\nCemel (Nakisin) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Cemel Sava\u015f\u0131, \u0130mam Ali (a.s) ile Nakisin (neks, bozmak, ihlal etmek \u00e7i\u011fnemek anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Talha, Z\u00fcbeyr ve taraftarlar\u0131, ilk \u00f6nce \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) biat etmi\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan biat ve anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal ederek bozduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara nakisin denmektedir.)[88] Aras\u0131nda hicr\u00ee 36 y\u0131l\u0131nda cemaziy\u00fclah\u0131r ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.[89] Talha ve Z\u00fcbeyr, ilk \u00f6nceleri hilafete g\u00f6z dikmi\u015flerdi,[90] ancak isteklerine kavu\u015famay\u0131nca ve \u0130mam Ali (a.s) halife olunca, imamla hilafeti payla\u015fma e\u011filimine girmi\u015fledir. O ikisi, \u0130mam Ali\u2019den Basra ve Kufe valiliklerini onlara vermesini istemi\u015fler, ancak \u0130mam onlara bu iki yerin valiliklerini uygun g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir.[91] Bundan dolay\u0131, kendileri Osman\u2019\u0131n katili olarak m\u00fcttehim ve zanl\u0131 olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ve halk aras\u0131nda Osman\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde Talha\u2019dan daha a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc kimsenin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesine ra\u011fmen[92] kendi amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in Ay\u015fe ile birlik oldular. H\u00e2lbuki Ay\u015fe\u2019nin kendisi de Osman\u2019\u0131n evi ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131n Osman\u2019a yard\u0131m etmeyi Osman\u2019a itiraz edenleri hak talep edenler olarak anm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ama buna ra\u011fmen Ay\u015fe, halk\u0131n \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) biat etti\u011fini duyunca, hemen Osman\u2019\u0131n zul\u00fcmle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirmi\u015f ve Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir.[93] Ay\u015fe, \u00f6nceden beri \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) kin ve h\u0131n\u00e7 duymaktayd\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131, Talha ve Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019le birlik oldu.[94] Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu grup \u00fc\u00e7 bin ki\u015filik bir ordu kurarak Basra\u2019ya do\u011fru hareket etti.[95] Bu sava\u015fta Ay\u015fe \u201casker\u201d adl\u0131 bir erkek deveye binmi\u015fti, bundan dolay\u0131 bu sava\u015f, Cemel sava\u015f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[96] \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) emri ile (Basra valisi) Osman b. Huneyf, isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 hak yola davet etmekle g\u00f6revlendirildi. Daveti kabul etmemeleri durumunda \u0130mam Ali (a.s) oraya ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar onlara kar\u015f\u0131 direnmesi istendi.[97] \u0130mam Ali (a.s) Basra\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131r ula\u015fmaz biatlerini bozanlara nasihat etmeye koyulmu\u015f ve bu \u015fekilde ya\u015fanabilecek bir sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak \u0130mam\u2019\u0131n (a.s) bu giri\u015fimleri sonu\u00e7 vermemi\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf \u0130mam\u2019\u0131n (a.s) yaranlar\u0131ndan birini \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[98] Elbette Z\u00fcbeyr, sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Peygamber efendimizin (a.s) Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019e hitaben buyurdu\u011fu bir hadisi kendisine hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u2013Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) bir g\u00fcn Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019e sen bir g\u00fcn Ali ile sava\u015fa tutu\u015facaks\u0131n demi\u015ftir- ordudan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Basra\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Amr b. Curmuz taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[99] Cemel ashab\u0131, birka\u00e7 saat muharebenin ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6l\u00fc vererek yenilmi\u015ftir.[100] Bu sava\u015fta Talha \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, Ay\u015fe ise sava\u015f sonras\u0131 sayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde Medine\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.[101]<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131ffin (Kasitin) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131ffin Sava\u015f\u0131, \u0130mam Ali (a.s) ile Kasitin (Muaviye ve ordusu)[102] aras\u0131nda Safer ay\u0131n\u0131n hicr\u00ee 37. Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eam\u2019da F\u0131rat yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u201cS\u0131ffin\u201d denen bir yerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sonunda sava\u015f hicr\u00ee 38. y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131nda hakemlik olay\u0131 ile sona ermi\u015ftir.[103] Osman muhasara alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Muaviye ona yard\u0131m edebilece\u011fi halde ona yard\u0131m etmemi\u015f ve onu \u015eam\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek i\u015fleri kendi eline almay\u0131 istiyordu. Muaviye Osman \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra, \u015eaml\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde Hz. Ali\u2019yi Osman\u2019\u0131n katili olarak tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) i\u015fe koyulur koyulmaz Muaviye\u2019ye mektup yazm\u0131\u015f ve ondan kendisine biat etmesini istemi\u015ftir, ama Muaviye bahaneler \u00fcreterek ilk \u00f6nce yan\u0131nda dola\u015fan Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerini bana g\u00f6nder ben onlara k\u0131sas uygulayay\u0131m, e\u011fer b\u00f6yle yaparsan sana biat ederim demi\u015ftir. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) bu yaz\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve Muaviye\u2019ye el\u00e7iler g\u00f6ndermesinin ard\u0131ndan Muaviye\u2019nin kendisiyle sava\u015fma niyetinde oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine ordusunu \u015eam\u2019a do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7irdi. Di\u011fer taraftan ise Muaviye kendi ordusunu harekete ge\u00e7irdi. Her iki ordu da S\u0131ffin yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda mevzi ald\u0131lar. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) sava\u015f\u0131n patlak vermemesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her yola ba\u015fvurdu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeniden mektup yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, ancak bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonunda sava\u015f hicr\u00ee 36. Y\u0131lda ba\u015flad\u0131.[104] E\u011fer son sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) ordusu sava\u015f\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131, ancak Muaviye, Amr b. As\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan hile yoluna ba\u015fvurdu. Yanlar\u0131nda bulunan Kur\u2019anlar\u0131 m\u0131zraklar\u0131n ucuna takarak Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) ordusunu Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcne \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131 emrini verdi. Bu hile ve aldatmaca sonu\u00e7 vermi\u015f ve Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) ordusunda bulunan Kur\u2019an karileri \u0130mam\u0131n (a.s) yan\u0131na giderek: Bizler bu insanlarla sava\u015famay\u0131z, onlar\u0131n dediklerini kabul etmeliyiz, demi\u015flerdi. Her ne kadar \u0130mam Ali (a.s) bunun onlar\u0131n sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 bir hile oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de fayda etmemi\u015ftir.[105] \u0130mam Ali (a.s), Muaviye\u2019ye bizler her ne kadar senin Kur\u2019an ehli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilsek de hakemli\u011fi kabul etmek zorunda oldu\u011funu belirten bir mektup yazar.[106] Bir ki\u015finin \u015eam ordusundan ve bir ki\u015finin de Irak ordusundan oturarak Kur\u2019an h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re bu konu hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eam ordusundan bu i\u015f i\u00e7in Amr b. As g\u00f6revlendirildi. Irak Ordusundan ise sonradan Havarici (Haric\u00eeleri) olu\u015fturan E\u015f\u2019as ve ba\u015fka bir grup, Ebu Musa E\u015f\u2019eri\u2019yi \u00f6nerdiler. Ancak \u0130mam Ali (a.s) \u0130bn Abbas veya Malik E\u015fter olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi, ama E\u015f\u2019as ve taraftarlar\u0131 bunu kabul etmediler. Bahaneleri ise Malik E\u015fter\u2019in sava\u015fa e\u011filimli oldu\u011fu ve \u0130bn Abbas\u2019\u0131n ise olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylediler, zira bu gruba g\u00f6re Amr b. As, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131nda Yemen\u2019li olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu![107] Sonunda Amr b. As, Ebu Musa E\u015f\u2019eri\u2019yi aldatarak, hakemlik olay\u0131n\u0131 Muaviye\u2019nin lehine sonu\u00e7land\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[108]<\/p>\n<p>Nehrevan (Marikin) Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131ffin\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hakemlik olay\u0131, \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) baz\u0131 yaranlar\u0131n\u0131n pratik olarak itiraz ve muhalefeti ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlar neden Allah\u2019\u0131n i\u015finde yarg\u0131da bulundun diye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r, h\u00e2lbuki \u0130mam Ali (a.s) bu i\u015fe ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta muhalefet etmi\u015f ve onlar\u0131n kendileri \u0130mam Ali\u2019yi hakemli\u011fe zorlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ve sonunda \u0130mam Ali\u2019yi (a.s) tekfir etmi\u015f ve lanetlemi\u015flerdir.[109] Havari\u00e7 (Hariciler) veya Marikin olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu grup, sonunda halk\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Babas\u0131 Allah Resul\u00fcn\u00fcn (s.a.a) sahabesi olan Abdullah b. Habbab\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve gebe olan e\u015finin karn\u0131n\u0131 de\u015ftiler.[110] Bu \u015fekilde, \u0130mam Ali (a.s) onlarla sava\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131. \u0130mam sava\u015ftan \u00f6nce \u0130bn Abbas\u2019\u0131 onlarla m\u00fczakere etmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi, ancak bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131. Nihayet kendisi aralar\u0131na giderek onlarla konu\u015ftu. Bir \u00e7oklar\u0131 pi\u015fman olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir \u00e7oklar\u0131 da kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde baki kald\u0131lar. Sonunda sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Haric\u00eelerden dokuz ki\u015fi geride kald\u0131, \u0130mam\u0131n (a.s) yaranlar\u0131ndan ise yedi veya dokuz ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.[111]<\/p>\n<p>\u015eehadet<\/p>\n<p>Nehrevan sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, \u0130mam Ali (a.s) Irak halk\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015eam\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak az bir grup d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendisine kat\u0131lan olmad\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Irak\u2019\u0131n durumundan ve Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n gev\u015fekli\u011finden haberdar olan Muaviye, \u0130mam\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda bulunan Arap yar\u0131m adas\u0131na ve hatta Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerine sald\u0131rarak onlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatmaya ve Irak yolunu a\u00e7maya koyuldu.[112] \u0130mam Ali (a.s) S\u0131ffin\u2019a gitmek i\u00e7in ordusunu tedarik etmeye koyuldu\u011fu zaman, hicr\u00ee 40. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n 19\u2019unda sabaha do\u011fru Abdurrahman \u0130bn M\u00fclcem Muradi taraf\u0131ndan (namaz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada) sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayarak yaraland\u0131 ve Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n 21\u2019inde \u015fehit oldu. \u0130mam Ali, Muaviye ve Amr b. As\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in Haric\u00eelerden \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kuttam adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n\u0131n da bu i\u015fte rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu kaynaklarda ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir, ancak bu konu biraz hik\u00e2yemsi ve mizansen g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[113] Emirilm\u00fcmin\u2019in Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 -\u0130mam Hasan, \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin ve Muhammed b. Hanifiyye- Abdullah \u0130bn Cafer\u2019le birlikte gece vakti Gariyin (\u015eimdiki Necef) denen yerde \u0130mam\u0131 topra\u011fa veridiler ve kabri gizlediler.[114] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Emeviler ve Hariciler e\u011fer Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) kabri \u015feriflerinin yerini bilecek olsayd\u0131lar naa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kabirden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k yapacaklard\u0131.[115]<\/p>\n<p>Vasiyetleri<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na gus\u00fcl, kefen, namaz ve tedfin i\u015flerinin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair nasihatler etti\u011fi rivayet edilmi\u015ftir.[116] \u0130mam (a.s) \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na defnedildi\u011fi yerin gizli kalmas\u0131n\u0131 vasiyet etmi\u015ftir.[117] \u0130bn M\u00fclcem taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015f\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbenin ard\u0131ndan o\u011fullar\u0131 \u0130mam Hasan ve \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019e (a.s) \u015f\u00f6yle nasihatte bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAllah\u2019tan korkman\u0131z\u0131, d\u00fcnya sizi istese bile onu istememenizi vasiyet ederim. Ona ait bir \u015feye ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya kaybetti\u011finiz i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fclmeyin. Hakk\u0131 s\u00f6yleyin; ahiret ecri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n. Zalime d\u00fc\u015fman, mazluma yard\u0131mc\u0131 olun. Siz ikinize, b\u00fct\u00fcn evlatlar\u0131ma, ehlime ve bu vasiyetin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimselere Allah\u2019tan korkmay\u0131, i\u015flerinizde intizaml\u0131 olmay\u0131, birbirinize iyilikle davranmay\u0131, insanlarla bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ya\u015famay\u0131 vasiyet ederim. Ben dedeniz Resulullah\u2019tan (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle duydum: \u201cBirbiriyle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ya\u015famak bir y\u0131ll\u0131k namaz ve oru\u00e7tan daha faziletlidir.\u201d Allah i\u00e7in, Allah i\u00e7in yetimlerin hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetin, onlar\u0131 bir a\u00e7 bir tok b\u0131rakarak nezdinizde zayi etmeyin. Allah i\u00e7in, Allah i\u00e7in kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n hakk\u0131na riayet edin. Onlar, size Nebi\u2019nizin vasiyetidirler. O, kom\u015fular hakk\u0131nda \u00f6ylesine tavsiyelerde bulunurdu ki biz mirasa da d\u00e2hil olacaklar sand\u0131k. Allah i\u00e7in, Allah i\u00e7in Kur\u2019an\u2019a uyun; onunla amel etmede ve onun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uymada ba\u015fkas\u0131 sizden \u00f6nde olmas\u0131n. Allah i\u00e7in, Allah i\u00e7in namaza dikkat edin; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc namaz, dininizin dire\u011fidir. Allah i\u00e7in, Allah i\u00e7in, Rabbinizin evi K\u00e2be\u2019ye dikkat edin, var oldu\u011funuz m\u00fcddet\u00e7e oray\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rakmay\u0131n, e\u011fer oray\u0131 terk edecek olursan\u0131z ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumazsan\u0131z azap hususunda sizlere f\u0131rsat dahi verilmez. Allah i\u00e7in, Allah i\u00e7in mallar\u0131n\u0131zla, canlar\u0131n\u0131zla ve dillerinizle Allah yolunda cihat edin. Size d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6rev, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iyi ili\u015fkilerde bulunmak, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak hediyeler vermektir. S\u0131rt \u00e7evirip gitmekten ve birbirinize darg\u0131n durmaktan sak\u0131n\u0131n, iyili\u011fi emredip k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten men etmeyi terk etmeyin. Aksini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z takdirde ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131za en k\u00f6t\u00fcleriniz ge\u00e7er ve sonra ne kadar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rsan\u0131z da art\u0131k sizlere icabet edilmez. Ey Abdulmuttalip o\u011fullar\u0131! \u201cM\u00fcminlerin emiri katledildi\u201d diyerek M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131tmaktan, \u00f6\u00e7 almaya kalk\u0131\u015fmaktan sak\u0131n\u0131n. Sak\u0131n, benim i\u00e7in katilimden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyin. Biraz bekleyin bak\u0131n; \u015fayet onun darbesinden \u00f6l\u00fcrsem, darbesine kar\u015f\u0131 kendisine bir darbe vurun, organlar\u0131n\u0131 kesmeyin. Ben Resulullah\u2019\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini i\u015fittim: \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fcrece\u011finiz kuduz k\u00f6pek bile olsa, \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bedenini kesmeyin.\u201d[118]<\/p>\n<p>Fazilet ve Menk\u0131beler<br \/>\nKur\u2019an Ayetleri<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) fazilet ve menk\u0131beleri i\u00e7in nazil olan ayet say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. Hatta \u0130bn Abbas\u2019tan nakledildi\u011fine g\u00f6re 300\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde ayet \u0130mam\u0131n fazileti hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r.[121] Burada bu ayetlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zikredece\u011fiz:<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcbahale Ayeti<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0646\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650\u0628\u0656\u064a\u0646\u064e (Terc\u00fcme: De ki: &#8220;Gelin, o\u011fullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, kendimizi ve kendinizi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ral\u0131m; sonra kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 lanetle\u015felim de Allah&#8217;\u0131n lanetini yalan s\u00f6yleyenlerin \u00fcst\u00fcne k\u0131lal\u0131m.\u201d) (61\u20133)<\/p>\n<p>Hicr\u00ee onuncu y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cM\u00fcbahale\u201d g\u00fcn\u00fc, Allah\u2019\u0131n yalanc\u0131lara azap etmesi i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla Necran H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda lanetle\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ama\u00e7la, Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a), Hz. Ali, Hz. Fat\u0131ma, Hz. Hasan ve Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019i (a.s) kendisiyle sahraya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u0131ristiyanlar Peygamberin kendisinden \u00e7ok emin bir \u015fekilde yaln\u0131zca en yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kendisiyle getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, korkarak cizye \u00f6demeyi kabul ettiler.[122]<\/p>\n<p>Tathir Ayeti<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0656\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062c\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0627\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0647\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0647\u0656\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (Terc\u00fcme: Ey Ehl-i Beyt! Allah sizden, sadece kiri (g\u00fcnah ve \u00e7irkinli\u011fi) gidermek ve sizi tertemiz yapmak istiyor.) (33\u201333) \u015eia ulemalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu ayet Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) e\u015fi \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme\u2019nin evinde nazil olmu\u015f ve n\u00fczul an\u0131nda orada Peygamberimizin (s.a.a) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Hz. Ali, Hz. Fat\u0131ma, Hz. Hasan ve H\u00fcseyin de bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u201cTathir ayeti\u201d nazil olduktan sonra Hz. Muhammed (s.a.a) oturdu\u011fu bir par\u00e7ay\u0131 (kisa) alarak \u201cKisa (Aba) Ashab\u0131n\u0131n\u201d \u00fczerine \u00f6rtt\u00fc, yani kendisi, Hz. Ali, Hz. Fat\u0131ma, Hz. Hasan ve Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019in. Sonra ellerini g\u00f6ye do\u011fru kald\u0131rarak \u015f\u00f6yle dua etti: \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131m! Benim ehlibeytim bu d\u00f6rt ki\u015fidir, bunlar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kir ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten temizle.\u201d[123]<\/p>\n<p>Meveddet Ayeti<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u064e\u0633\u0652\u067e\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0641\u0650\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0670\u0649 (Terc\u00fcme: \u201cDe ki: \u201cBen buna (yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m tebli\u011f g\u00f6revine) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sizden yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131m\u0131\/Ehlibeytimi sevmeniz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00fccret istemiyorum.) (23\u201342) \u0130bn Abbas \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Bu ayet nazil oldu\u011funda Allah Resul\u00fcne (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle arz ettim: Meveddet ve sevgisi farz olanlar kimlerdir? Hz. Muhammed \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cAli, Fat\u0131ma, Hasan ve H\u00fcseyin.\u201d Ve bu c\u00fcmleyi \u00fc\u00e7 kere tekrar etti.[124]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman<\/p>\n<p>Me\u015fhur oldu\u011funa ve hatta tevat\u00fcr haddinde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Hz. Ali (a.s) ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r.[125] Nitekim Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cK\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc havuz (Kevser) ba\u015f\u0131nda benimle ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fecek olan\u0131n\u0131z \u0130slam\u2019da da en \u00f6nde olan\u0131n\u0131z olan Ali olacakt\u0131r.\u201d[126] Yine Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) Hz. Fat\u0131ma (s.a) hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cAcaba seni \u00fcmmetim aras\u0131nda herkesten \u00f6nce \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul eden, onlar\u0131n en bilgili ve en sab\u0131rl\u0131 olan\u0131 ile evlendirmeme raz\u0131 olmaz m\u0131s\u0131n?\u201d[127]<\/p>\n<p>Leylet\u00fc\u2019l Mebit<\/p>\n<p>Kurey\u015f\u2019in, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara i\u015fkence ve eziyet etmesinin ard\u0131ndan, Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara Medine\u2019ye hicret etme emrini verdi. Hazretin yaranlar\u0131 da birka\u00e7 a\u015famada Medine\u2019ye do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7tiler.[128] Kurey\u015flilerin Daru\u2019n Nedve\u2019de (Kurey\u015f kabilesinin ileri gelenlerinin isti\u015fare etmeleri i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 binad\u0131r) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 toplant\u0131da bir \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Al\u0131nan karara g\u00f6re her kabileden gen\u00e7 ve cesur birisi Allah Resul\u00fcn\u00fc (s.a.a) kendi evinde \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirildi. Cebrail (a.s) Peygamber efendimize (s.a.a) nazil olarak Kurey\u015f\u2019in plan\u0131n\u0131 de\u015fifre etmi\u015f ve o geceyi kendi yata\u011f\u0131nda yatmamas\u0131 ve hicret etme emrini iletir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019ye (a.s) d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n komplosunu anlatarak kendisinden kendi yata\u011f\u0131na yatmas\u0131n\u0131 ister.[129] M\u00fcfessirler ayetin n\u00fczul sebebini \u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u0656\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0628\u0652\u062a\u0650\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0641\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650 (Terc\u00fcme: \u0130nsanlardan \u00f6yleleri de var ki, Allah&#8217;\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in kendini feda eder. Allah da kullar\u0131na \u015fefkatlidir.) (207\u20132) Hz. Ali (a.s) ve \u201cleyletu\u2019l mebit\u201d hakk\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kaildirler.[130]<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Muhammed\u2019in hicret etti\u011fi ve Hz. Ali\u2019nin Onun yata\u011f\u0131na yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gece &#8220;Leylet\u00fc&#8217;l Mebit&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Allah Resul\u00fcn\u00fcn Karde\u015fi<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) Medine\u2019ye girdikten sonra \u00f6nce Muhacirler aras\u0131nda, daha sonra Muhacir ve Ensar aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik akdi k\u0131yd\u0131. Ve her ikisinde de Hz. Ali\u2019ye \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cSen d\u00fcnya ve ahirette benim karde\u015fimsin,\u201d diyerek aralar\u0131nda karde\u015flik akdi k\u0131yd\u0131.[131]<\/p>\n<p>Redd\u00fc\u2019\u015f \u015eems (G\u00fcne\u015fin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc)<\/p>\n<p>Hicr\u00ee yedinci y\u0131lda g\u00fcnlerden bir g\u00fcn Hz. Peygamberle Hz. Ali \u00f6\u011flen namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131lar ve Hz. Resulullah (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019yi (a.s) bir i\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdi, ama Hz. Ali ikindi namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Ali (a.s) geri d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, Peygamber efendimiz ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Hz. Ali\u2019nin kuca\u011f\u0131na koyarak uyudu. Bu s\u0131rada g\u00fcne\u015f batm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Peygamber uykudan uyan\u0131nca \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131m! Senin kulun Ali, kendisini Peygamberi i\u00e7in korudu, g\u00fcne\u015fi onun i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr.\u201d diye dua etti. Bu s\u0131rada g\u00fcne\u015f geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Hz. Ali kalkarak abdest ald\u0131 ve ikindi namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonra g\u00fcne\u015f yeniden batt\u0131.[132]<\/p>\n<p>Beraat Suresinin \u0130bla\u011f Edilmesi<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f6vbe Suresinin ilk ayetleri \u2018M\u00fc\u015friklerin tevhit inanc\u0131na inanmalar\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n z\u00fcmresine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131, ancak inat etmeleri durumunda sava\u015fa haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ve her nerede tutuklan\u0131rlarsa \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerini bilmeleri gerekti\u011fine dair kendilerine d\u00f6rt ay s\u00fcre tan\u0131nmas\u0131\u2019 hakk\u0131nda indi\u011finde Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) hac merasimine kat\u0131lma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde de\u011fildi. Bundan dolay\u0131 ilah\u00ee emir gere\u011fi: \u2018Bu emri Peygamberin kendisi veya ondan olan birisi insanlara ula\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ve bu iki ki\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kimsenin bu i\u015f i\u00e7in salahiyetinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 belirtilince,[133] Hz. Muhammed Mustafa (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019yi (a.s) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak ondan Mekke\u2019ye gitmesini ve Mina\u2019da kurban bayram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc Beraat (T\u00f6vbe) Suresini M\u00fc\u015friklere ibla\u011f ederek ula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.[134]<br \/>\nHak Hadisi: Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u0639\u064e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0650\u0651 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u06cc (Terc\u00fcme: Ali hak ile hak da Ali iledir.)[135]<br \/>\nSeddu\u2019l Ebvab (kap\u0131lar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131): Hz. Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) Hz. Ali\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mescid-i Nebi\u2019ye bakan t\u00fcm kap\u0131lar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Bunun nedenini sorduklar\u0131nda efendimiz \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cBen Ali\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm kap\u0131lar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirildim, ama bu konuda tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. Allah\u2019a andolsun ki hi\u00e7bir kap\u0131y\u0131 kapat\u0131p, a\u00e7mad\u0131m, ancak bu i\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f ve ona itaat etmi\u015fimdir.\u201d[136]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130slam \u0130limlerinin Ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebu\u2019l Hadid, hicr\u00ee yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l Ehli S\u00fcnnet (mutezile) \u00e2limlerindendir. Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa\u2019ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015ferhin mukaddimesinde \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r: D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n faziletlerini itiraf etti\u011fi ve faziletlerini ink\u00e2r edemeyip, gizleyemedikleri ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ne diyebilirim ki? Herkes Emevilerin, \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinin do\u011fusundan bat\u0131s\u0131na kadar ellerinin her yere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor, onlar her hile ve desise ile onun azamet nurunu s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, onu k\u00f6t\u00fcleyen ve k\u0131nayan \u00e7ok say\u0131da hadisler uydurmu\u015flar, t\u00fcm minberlerde ona lanet okutmu\u015flar, onu \u00f6venleri tehdit etmek bir yana hapislere atarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, onun faziletini anlatan yahut ad\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fccelten hadis ve rivayetleri yasaklam\u0131\u015flar ve hatta insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na Ali ad\u0131n\u0131 koymalar\u0131n\u0131 bile yasaklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ama t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n etki etmemesi bir yana onun ad\u0131 daha da y\u00fccelmi\u015f ve daha da \u00fcst\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. O, misk gibiydi, her ne kadar \u00e7ok \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcrse atmosfere daha \u00e7ok g\u00fczel koku yaymaktad\u0131r.[137] \u0130bn Ebu\u2019l Hadid s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn devam\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r: Her faziletin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 dizesi ve her insanl\u0131k imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ne diyebilirim ki? Her f\u0131rka ve grup kendisini ona ba\u011flamakta ve ona nispetleri ile \u00f6v\u00fcnmektedir. O, t\u00fcm imtiyaz ve se\u00e7kilerin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 idi. Bu meydanda \u00f6nceli\u011fi kimseye kapt\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f ve bu m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.[138]<\/p>\n<p>Kelam \u0130lmi<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u0130lahiyat ilmi ve Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mak ilimlerin e\u015frefi ve en \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu ilmin detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 Hz. Ali ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sanat\u0131n nazar ve istidlal sahipleri, Onun \u00f6\u011frencileridir. Tevhit ve Adl ehli olan Mutezile, onun \u00f6\u011frencileri ve ashab\u0131d\u0131rlar. Zira onlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olan Vas\u0131l b. Ata, Ebu Ha\u015fim Abdullah b. Muhammed b. Hanefiyye\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencisidir. Ebu Ha\u015fim ise babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisidir, babas\u0131 da \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00f6\u011frencidir.[139] E\u015f\u2019ariler de Hz. Ali\u2019de sonlanmaktad\u0131rlar. \u015e\u00f6yle ki bu f\u0131rkan\u0131n kurucusu Ebu\u2019l Hasan Ali b. (\u0130smail b.) Ebu Be\u015fer E\u015f\u2019ari\u2019dir. O, Ebu Ali Cubbai\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencisidir ve o da Mutezilenin \u00fcstatlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla E\u015f\u2019arilik de nihayetinde Mutezilenin \u00fcstad\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r ve o, \u0130mam Ali\u2019dir (a.s).[140] \u0130mamiye ve Zeydiye\u2019nin de Hz. Ali\u2019ye (a.s) mensup olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmamaktad\u0131r.[141]<\/p>\n<p>F\u0131k\u0131h \u0130lmi<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u0130mam Ali (a.s) f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin temel ve esas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019daki her fakih onun sofras\u0131ndan yararlanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eia f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n ona istinad\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve a\u00e7\u0131klamaya hacet yoktur. Ebu Yusuf, Muhammed gibiler Ebu Hanife\u2019nin yaranlar\u0131 ve f\u0131kh\u0131 Ebu Hanife\u2019den \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. Ahmed b. Hambel, \u015eafii\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencisidir ve o da Ebu Hanife\u2019den f\u0131kh\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir ve Ebu Hanife\u2019de \u0130mam Cafer Sad\u0131k\u2019\u0131n (a.s) \u00f6\u011frencisidir. Ve O da babas\u0131 \u0130mam Muhammed Bak\u0131r (a.s) ve o da babalar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Malik \u0130bn Enes, f\u0131kh\u0131 Rabietu\u2019r Rey\u2019den \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Rabiet, \u0130krime\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencisi ve o da Abdullah b. Abbas\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisidir. \u0130bn Abbas\u2019ta Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00f6\u011frencisidir. \u015eafii\u2019nin f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 da Malik\u2019in \u00f6\u011frencisi olmas\u0131 hasebiyle \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye nispet verebiliriz. Bu \u015fekilde, Ehli S\u00fcnnetin d\u00f6rt fakihi de \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) mensup olmu\u015f olur. Sahabe fakihler, \u00d6mer b. Hattab ve Abdullah b. Abbas\u2019\u0131n her ikisi de ilimlerini \u0130mam Ali\u2019den (a.s) alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn Abbas\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Herkes biliyor ki \u00d6mer de bir \u00e7ok kere zor konularda \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye ba\u015fvurmu\u015f ve bir \u00e7ok kere \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cLevla Ali\u2019yyun Le-heleke \u00d6mer\/Ali olmasayd\u0131 \u00d6mer helak olurdu\u201d, ve \u201cEbu\u2019l Hasan\u2019\u0131n (\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin k\u00fcnyesi) olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerde zor ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k konularla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktan Allah\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m.\u201d Ayr\u0131ca yine \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cAli mescitte oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece kimsenin fetva vermeye hakk\u0131 yoktur.\u201d Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130slam f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131n da ona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 netlik kazanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. \u015eia ve S\u00fcnniler, Hz. Peygamber efendimizden (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle bir rivayet nakletmi\u015flerdir: \u201cAkdakum Ali\/Sizin en kad\u0131n\u0131z (yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z) Ali\u2019dir.\u201d Kad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funa binaen bu \u015fekilde Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00f6teki sahabelerden daha fakih oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.[142]<\/p>\n<p>Tefsir<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid, \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Hz. Ali (a.s) tefsir ilminin kurucusudur ve her kim tefsirlere m\u00fcracaat edecek olursa bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u0130ster o k\u0131s\u0131mdaki ayet do\u011frudan onun taraf\u0131ndan tefsir edilmi\u015f olsun ve isterse o ayetin tefsiri \u0130bn Abbas taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsun, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o da Hz. Ali\u2019den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn Abbas\u2019a senin ilmin ile amcao\u011flunun (\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin) ilminin nispeti nedir? Diye soruldu\u011funda \u0130bn Abbas \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015ftir: Sonsuz bir okyanusta bir ya\u011fmur tanesi gibidir.[143]<\/p>\n<p>Tarikat \u0130lmi<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Tarikat, hakikat ve tasavvuf ilim sahipleri senet ve belgelerini \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar ve sufilerin \u015fu ana kadarki \u015fiar\u0131 olan \u201c\u062e\u0631\u0642\u0647\/h\u0131rka\u201d buna delalet etmektedir.[144]<\/p>\n<p>Arap Edebiyat\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: Herkes \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) nahv ilmi ile Arap edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n mucit ve yenilik\u00e7isi oldu\u011funu bilmektedir. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) o ilmin t\u00fcm kaide ve kurallar\u0131n\u0131 Ebu\u2019l Esved Dueli\u2019ye imla etmi\u015ftir. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Ebu\u2019l Esved Dueli\u2019ye \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi kurallardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Kelam \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r; isim, fiil ve harf. Kelime marife ve nekre olarak taksim edilir. \u0130\u2019rablar ref\u2019, nasb, cer ve cezm olarak taksim edilir.[145]<\/p>\n<p>Fesahat ve Belagat<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Fesahat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Hz. Ali (a.s), fasihlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ve belagat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Onun kelam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denmi\u015ftir: \u201cDune kelamu\u2019l Halik ve fevka kelami\u2019l Halik\/Allah\u2019\u0131n kelam\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, mahl\u00fbkun kelam\u0131ndan yukar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d ve buna en bariz tan\u0131k Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa\u2019d\u0131r. Abdulhamid b. Yahya, Hz. Ali\u2019nin yetmi\u015f hutbesini ezberledi\u011fini ve onun edebi kaynay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u0130bn Nubate ise \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: hutbelerden hazine ezberledim, ondan her ne kadar al\u0131rsam azalmaz, aksine artar. Ali b. Ebu Talib\u2019in (a.s) vaaz ve nasihatlerinden y\u00fcz fas\u0131l ezberledim.[146]<\/p>\n<p>Ahlaki \u00d6zellikleri<br \/>\nC\u00f6mertlik ve Sahavet<br \/>\nNamaz Halinde Sadaka Vermesi<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) sahavet ve c\u00f6mertlik durumu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Oru\u00e7 tutar iftar\u0131n\u0131 ise ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine verirdi. (Ve ona ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde yemeklerini yoksula ve yetime ve tutsa\u011fa verirler, onlar\u0131 doyururlar. \u0130nsan suresi, 8) ayeti onun hakk\u0131nda nazil olmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcfessirlerin dedi\u011fine g\u00f6re Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) bir g\u00fcn d\u00f6rt dirhemi vard\u0131. Bir dirhemini gece, bir dirhemini g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dirhemini gizli ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dirhemini ise a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sadaka verdi. Bunun \u00fczerine (Onlar mallar\u0131n\u0131 gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz; gizli ve a\u00e7\u0131k Allah yolunda harcarlar. Bakara, 274) ayeti nazil oldu. Kendi eliyle Yahudilerin Medine\u2019deki hurmal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Nitekim elleri nas\u0131r ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve ondan gelen \u00fccreti ise sadaka olarak vermi\u015f, buna ra\u011fmen kendi karn\u0131na ta\u015f ba\u011flard\u0131. Diyorlar ki: hi\u00e7bir zaman hi\u00e7bir dilenciye \u201cyok\u201d demedi. Bir g\u00fcn Mahfen b. Mahfen Muaviye\u2019nin yan\u0131na geldi. Muaviye ona nereden geliyorsun? Diye sordu. Mahfen Muaviye\u2019nin ho\u015funa gitmesi i\u00e7in: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en cimrisinin \u2013yani Ali\u2019nin (a.s)- yan\u0131ndan geliyorum, dedi. Muaviye dedi ki: Sana yaz\u0131klar olsun; E\u011fer yan\u0131nda bir depo dolusu alt\u0131n ve bir depo dolusu saman olsa, alt\u0131n deposunu saman deposundan daha erken ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ula\u015ft\u0131racak birisi hakk\u0131nda nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle konu\u015fabilirsin?![147]<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ve Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u0130mam Ali (a.s) al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck, hatay\u0131 g\u00f6rmezlikten gelme konular\u0131nda herkesten daha toleransl\u0131 idi. Nitekim Cemel vakas\u0131 bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fidir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki onun en az\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan olan Mervan b. Hakem\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irince onu azat etmi\u015f ve i\u015fledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck hatas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Abdullah ibn Z\u00fcbeyr, halk\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zler sarf etmekteydi. Abdullah ibn Z\u00fcbeyr, Ay\u015fe\u2019nin ordusu ile Basra\u2019ya gelince bir hutbe okumu\u015f ve hutbesinde a\u011fz\u0131na gelen her \u015feyi onun hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve hatta: \u015fimdi insanlar\u0131n en al\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (neuzibillah) sizin \u015fehrinize do\u011fru geliyor demi\u015ftir, ancak \u0130mam (a.s) onu ele ge\u00e7irince onu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ona yaln\u0131zca \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: Git, seni g\u00f6z\u00fcm g\u00f6rmesin. Nitekim Said b. As\u2019\u0131 \u2013d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan birisiydi- Cemel sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Mekke\u2019de ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, ancak ona s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nerek ve bir \u015fey dememi\u015ftir. Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Cemel Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Ay\u015fe\u2019ye davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 me\u015fhurdur. Ay\u015fe\u2019ye galip gelince, ona k\u0131ymet vermi\u015f ve onu Medine\u2019ye g\u00f6ndermek istedi\u011finde Abd Kays kabilesinden yirmi kad\u0131na erkek elbisesi giydirmi\u015f ve ellerine hamail k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 vererek onunla g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Oysa Ay\u015fe yol boyunca durmadan Hz. Ali\u2019ye (a.s) beddua ederek hakaret etmi\u015f ve benim sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyerek beni erkeklerle birlikte g\u00f6nderdi demi\u015ftir. Ancak Medine\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda (y\u00fczleri \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc) erkek elbisesi giymi\u015f kad\u0131nlar ona d\u00f6nerek: bak g\u00f6r, seninle birlikte buraya gelen bizler kad\u0131n\u0131z. Ay\u015fe ile birlikte Hz. \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131p \u0130mam\u0131n baz\u0131 yaranlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren Basra halk\u0131n\u0131n hepsini azat etmi\u015f ve ordusuna hi\u00e7 kimseye dokunmamalar\u0131n\u0131 emrederek her kim silah\u0131n\u0131 yere koyarsa azatt\u0131r demi\u015ftir. Ne onlardan esir alm\u0131\u015f ve ne de ganimet olarak onlardan mal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) Mekke\u2019nin fethinde Mekkelilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muaviye Ordusu, S\u0131ffin\u2019de \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin ordusunun suyunu kesmi\u015f ve onun ordusu ile F\u0131rat havzas\u0131 aras\u0131nda engel olmu\u015flard\u0131. Muaviye\u2019nin ordu ileri gelenleri \u015f\u00f6yle diyorlard\u0131: Ali ve Ordusunu susuz bir \u015fekilde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irelim, nitekim o da Osman\u2019\u0131 susuz \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc! Daha sonra \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin ordusu sava\u015farak suyu onlar\u0131n elinden geri ald\u0131lar. Burada \u0130mam\u0131n ordusu da Muaviye Ordusunun susuzluktan bitkin d\u00fc\u015ferek susuz \u00f6lmeleri i\u00e7in Muaviye\u2019nin ordusundan kimsenin su almas\u0131na izin vermemeliyiz demi\u015flerdi, ancak Hz. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: Asla biz b\u00f6yle yapmayaca\u011f\u0131z. F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan yararlanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara izin verin.[148]<\/p>\n<p>Tebess\u00fcm ve G\u00fcler Y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc ve tebess\u00fcml\u00fc olu\u015fu insanlar aras\u0131nda deyim olmu\u015ftu. Nitekim d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) bu s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 onun i\u00e7in bir ay\u0131p saym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r! Hz. \u0130mam\u2019\u0131n (a.s) Sa\u2019sa\u2019a b. Suhan ve \u00f6teki yaranlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle diyorlar: Ali (a.s) bizim aram\u0131zda bizlerden biri gibiydi, kendisi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa kail de\u011fildi, ancak tevazu ve al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra o kadar heybetli ve korkutucu idi ki onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda elinde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 tutmu\u015f bir ad\u0131m\u0131n eli alt\u0131nda elleri kollar\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 esir gibiydik.[149]<\/p>\n<p>Allah Yolunda Cihat<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid, \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) dost ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 onun m\u00fccahitlerin ba\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu itiraf etmektedirler. Onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kimse bu s\u0131fata lay\u0131k de\u011fildir. Herkes, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n m\u00fc\u015friklerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en zor ve en a\u011f\u0131r sava\u015f\u0131n Bedir sava\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu biliyor. Bu sava\u015fta m\u00fc\u015friklerden yetmi\u015f ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunlardan yar\u0131s\u0131 Hz. Ali (a.s) taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 ise Meleklerin yard\u0131m\u0131 ile \u00f6teki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) Uhud, Ahzab, Hayber, Huneyn ve di\u011fer gazvelerdeki durumu da tarihte me\u015fhurdur ve bizim Mekke, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00f6teki yerleri tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ihtiyac\u0131 olmayan zorunlu i\u015flerdendir.[150]<\/p>\n<p>\u015eecaat<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: O, \u015fecaat meydan\u0131n\u0131n bir numaras\u0131 idi. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki (kahramanlar\u0131) insanlar\u0131n akl\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131 ve gelecektekileri de kendisiyle yok etti. Hz. Ali\u2019nin sava\u015flardaki konum ve pozisyonu tarihte \u00f6yle me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur ki K\u0131yamete kadar onu misal olarak s\u00f6yleyeceklerdir. Asla firar etmeyen kahraman bir yi\u011fitti. Ordular\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fundan korkmam\u0131\u015f, yokluk diyar\u0131na g\u00f6ndermedi\u011fi kimse ile tutu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve hi\u00e7bir zaman ikincisine ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan bir darbe vurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kisinden birisinin \u00f6lmesiyle insanlar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in Muaviye\u2019yi m\u00fcbarezeye (teke tek sava\u015fmaya) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Amr b. As, Muaviye\u2019ye \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: Ali sana kar\u015f\u0131 insafl\u0131 davrand\u0131. Muaviye ona d\u00f6nerek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: Benimle oldu\u011fun s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda bana asla hi\u00e7 bu \u015fekilde bir kaz\u0131k atmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131n! Sen beni hi\u00e7bir zaman kimsenin pen\u00e7esinden ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u0131 m\u00fcbarezeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorsun? \u00d6yle san\u0131yorum ki benden sonra \u015eam\u2019a h\u00fckmetmeyi g\u00f6nl\u00fcnden ge\u00e7iriyorsun![151] Arap milleti her zaman sava\u015fta Hz. Ali (a.s) ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya her hangi bir akrabas\u0131n\u0131n Hz. Ali\u2019nin eliyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in iftihar etmektedir. Bir g\u00fcn Muaviye, taht\u0131nda uyuya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131nca birden Abdullah ibn Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019i kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Abdullah \u0130bn Z\u00fcbeyr, ona \u015faka yolu ile \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cEy M\u00fcminlerin emiri! E\u011fer istersen seninle bir g\u00fcre\u015f tutal\u0131m.\u201d Muaviye ona \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cKendine gel ey Abdullah! G\u00f6r\u00fcyorum ki yi\u011fitlik ve \u015fecaatinden dem vuruyorsun!\u201d Abdullah dedi ki: \u201cYoksa sen benim \u015fecaatimi ink\u00e2r m\u0131 ediyorsun? Ben Ali\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ona kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f biriyim.\u201d Muaviye dedi ki: \u201cAsla b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131. E\u011fer sen bir an bile Ali\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda durmu\u015f olsayd\u0131n sen ve baban\u0131 sol eliyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr, sa\u011f elini ise sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in bo\u015fta bekletirdi.[152]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130badet<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Hz. Ali (a.s) insanlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok ibadet edeni ve namaz ve orucu herkesten daha \u00e7ok olan idi. \u0130nsanlar gece namaz\u0131n\u0131, zikir ve m\u00fcstahap namazlarda s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ondan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. M\u00fcstahap namazlara \u00f6yle \u00f6nem veriyordu ki S\u0131ffin sava\u015f\u0131nda leyletu\u2019l herir gecesinde iki saf aras\u0131nda bir seccade yere atm\u0131\u015f ve oklar havada sa\u011fdan soldan u\u00e7u\u015ftu\u011fu halde o \u015fekilde namazla me\u015fgul olan birisi hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir? Secdenin \u00e7oklu\u011fundan aln\u0131 develerin dizleri gibi olmu\u015ftu. Her kim onun m\u00fcnacat ve dualar\u0131na dikkat edecek olursa Allah\u2019\u0131n azamet ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Onun heybeti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tevazusunu, izzeti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki hu\u015fusunu ve Onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki topra\u011fa bulan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve onlarda gizlenmi\u015f ihlas\u0131 anlar ve nas\u0131l bir kalpten co\u015ftu\u011funu ve nas\u0131l bir dilden akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir.[153]<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00fcht<\/p>\n<p>Hz. \u0130mam Ali (a.s) zahitlerin \u00f6nderi idi. Her kim bu meydanda ad\u0131m atmak isterse onu dikkate al\u0131rd\u0131. Hz. Ali (a.s) asla karn\u0131n\u0131 yemekle doyurmad\u0131, yiyecek ve giyecekleri en kaba olanlard\u0131. Abdullah b. Ebu Rafi \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Bir bayram g\u00fcn\u00fc Ali\u2019nin (a.s) yan\u0131na gittim. Yan\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmi\u015f bir kese g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Keseyi a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arpa kepe\u011finden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ekmek k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Onu yeme\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131. Dedim ki: \u201cEy Emir\u00fclm\u00fcminin! Neden bunu m\u00fch\u00fcrlemi\u015fsin? Buyurdu ki: \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131n bu ekmekleri ya\u011flamalar\u0131 veya zeytinya\u011f\u0131na bulamalar\u0131ndan korktu\u011fum i\u00e7in.\u201d Elbiseleri bazen deri ve bazen de hurma lifleri ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olurdu. Ayakkab\u0131s\u0131 her zaman lif idi ve en sert ve ha\u015fin elbiseler giyerdi. Yiyece\u011fi e\u011fer olursa sirke yahut tuz olurdu ve e\u011fer \u015fayet denk gelirse bundan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc baz\u0131 bitkiler olurdu ve e\u011fer bundan da daha \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc olursa birazc\u0131k deve s\u00fct\u00fc olurdu. Et yemezdi, ancak az yerdi ve \u015f\u00f6yle derdi: \u201cMidelerinizi, hayvan mezarl\u0131klar\u0131na \u00e7evirmeyiniz.\u201d Buna ra\u011fmen insanlar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc idi ve a\u00e7l\u0131k onun g\u00fcc\u00fcnden eksiltmezdi. O, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 terk etmi\u015fti, h\u00e2lbuki \u015eam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u0130slam topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131 onun ihtiyar\u0131ndayd\u0131, ancak hepsini insanlar aras\u0131nda taksim ederdi.[154]<\/p>\n<p>Eserler<br \/>\nNehc\u00fc\u2019l Belaga<\/p>\n<p>\u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya getirildi\u011fi en me\u015fhur eser Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Belaga\u2019d\u0131r. Hicr\u00ee d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l ulemalar\u0131ndan Seyyid Razi taraf\u0131ndan bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir. Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa, Kur\u2019an\u2019dan sonra \u015eia\u2019n\u0131n en kutsal dini metni ve Araplar\u0131n en se\u00e7kin edebi eseridir. Bu kitap \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Hutbeler, mektuplar ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) \u00e7e\u015fitli zamanlarda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi veya \u00e7e\u015fitli insanlara yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00f6zlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>Hutbeler, 239 hutbeden olu\u015fmakta ve zaman olarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00f6ncesi<br \/>\nHilafet d\u00f6nemi<br \/>\nHilafet sonras\u0131<br \/>\nMektuplar, 79 mektuptan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve neredeyse tamam\u0131 hilafeti d\u00f6neminde yazd\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nK\u0131sa s\u00f6zler yahut hikmetli k\u0131sa s\u00f6zler, 480 s\u00f6zden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nNehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 \u015ferhleri \u015funlardan ibarettir: \u015eerh-i \u0130bn Meysem Bahrani, \u015eerh-i \u0130bn Ebi\u2019l Hadid-i Mutezili, \u015eerh-i Muhammed Abduh, \u015eerh-i Muhammed Taki Caferi, Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa\u2019dan dersler, H\u00fcseyin Ali Munteziri, \u015eerh-i Fahri Razi, Minhacu\u2019l Berae, Kutbuddin Ravendi ve \u015ferh-i Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa, Muhammed Bak\u0131r Nevvab Lahicani.[155]<\/p>\n<p>Gureru\u2019l Hikem ve Dureru\u2019l Kelim<\/p>\n<p>Gureru\u2019l Hikem ve Dureru\u2019l Kelim, be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131l ulemalar\u0131ndan Abdulvahit b. Muhammed Temimi Amedi taraf\u0131ndan toplanarak bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir. Gureru\u2019l Hikem kitab\u0131nda \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) ait yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 10760 s\u00f6z bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kitap alfabetik s\u0131raya g\u00f6re \u015fu konular esas\u0131na g\u00f6re dizayn edilmi\u015ftir: \u0130nan\u00e7sal ve itikadi hadisler, ibadetle ilgili hadisler, Ahlaki hadisler, Siyasi hadisler, iktisadi hadisler ve sosyal hadisler.[156]<\/p>\n<p>Desturu Mealimu\u2019l Hikem ve Me\u2019suru Mekarimu\u2019\u015f \u015eiyem<\/p>\n<p>Desturu Mealimu\u2019l Hikem ve Me\u2019suru Mekarimu\u2019\u015f \u015eiyem kitab\u0131, Kad\u0131 Kudai taraf\u0131ndan toplanarak bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir. Kendisi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u015eafii mezhebi ulemalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Ehli Hadis aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir birisidir. Elbette baz\u0131lar\u0131 Kad\u0131 Kudai\u2019yi \u015eii olarak tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[157] Desturu Mealimu\u2019l Hikem kitab\u0131, dokuz b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) faydal\u0131 hikmetli s\u00f6zleri, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 k\u0131namas\u0131 ve ona temay\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6zleri, nasihatler, vasiyet ve nehiyler, kendisine sorulan sorulara verdi\u011fi cevaplar, garip s\u00f6zleri, nadir s\u00f6zleri, dua ve m\u00fcnacatlar\u0131 ve elimize ula\u015fan \u015fiirleri.[158] \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) ait s\u00f6zlerin bir araya getirilerek yaz\u0131lan baz\u0131 kitaplar ise \u015funlardan ibarettir:<\/p>\n<p>Nesru\u2019l La\u2019li, Ebu Ali Faz\u0131l b. Hasan Tabarsi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nMatlub Kullu Talib min Kelami Emire\u2019l M\u00fcmin\u2019in Ali b. Ebi Talib aleyhi selam, intihab Cahiz, \u015eerh-i Re\u015fit Vetvat.<br \/>\nKalaidu\u2019l Hikem ve Fevaidu\u2019l Kelim, Kad\u0131 Ebu Yusuf Yakup b. S\u00fcleyman \u0130sfrayani taraf\u0131ndan toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nEmsalu\u2019l \u0130mam Ali b. Ebi Talib, S\u0131ffin Nasr b. Mezahim kitab\u0131nda \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) ait s\u00f6zler ve mektuplardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nAshab\u0131<br \/>\nSalman\u0131 Farisi: Hz. Peygamber efendimiz (s.a.a) ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) en \u00fcst\u00fcn ashap ve yaranlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Masum \u0130mamlar (a.s) taraf\u0131ndan hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da hadis nakledilmi\u015ftir.[159] \u00d6rne\u011fin Peygamber efendimizin onun hakk\u0131nda buyurdu\u011fu \u015fu hadis-i \u015ferif: \u201cSalman biz Ehlibeyttendir.\u201d[160]<\/p>\n<p>Malik E\u015fter Nahai: Malik E\u015fter diye bilinen, Malik b. Haris Abd Ya\u011fus Nahai. Yemen\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya geldi. O, \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye biat eden ilk ki\u015fidir. Cemel, S\u0131ffin ve Nehrevan sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) komutanlar\u0131ndand\u0131.[161]<\/p>\n<p>Ebu Zer Gaffari (Cundeb b. Cenade): Ebu Zer Gaffari diye me\u015fhurdur. Peygambere iman etmi\u015f[162] ve Peygamber efendimizin vefat\u0131ndan sonra \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) taraftarlar\u0131ndan olmu\u015ftur. Ebu Bekir\u2019e biat etmeyen ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden birisidir.[163]<\/p>\n<p>Mikdad b. Amr (Mikdad b. Esved Kindi): Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) bi\u2019setinin ba\u015f\u0131nda ona iman edip M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan ilk yedi ki\u015fiden birisidir. Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) vefat\u0131ndan sonra Mikdad, Ebu Bekir\u2019e biat etmeyenlerden birisi olmu\u015f ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k sessizli\u011fi d\u00f6nemi boyunca her zaman onun yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[164]<\/p>\n<p>Kumeyl \u0130bn Ziyad: Allah Resul\u00fcn\u00fcn ashab\u0131n\u0131n tabiinlerinden olan Kemeyl \u0130bn Ziyad Nahai, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130mam Ali (a.s) ve \u0130mam Hasan\u2019\u0131n (a.s) has yaranlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.[165] O, Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) hilafetinin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde ona biat etmi\u015f ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) sava\u015flar\u0131nda onun d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[166]<\/p>\n<p>Ammar Yasir: Hz. Peygambere (s.a.a) iman eden ilk ki\u015filerdendir ve Habe\u015f\u2019e hicret eden ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kafilesi ile birlikte hicret etmi\u015ftir. Peygamber efendimizin Medine\u2019ye hicretinden sonra o da oraya gitmi\u015ftir. Kendisi Hz. Peygamberin (s.a.a) vefat\u0131ndan sonra Ehlibeyt (a.s) ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019yi (a.s) savunma yolunda sa\u011flam ve ilkeli bir duru\u015f sergilemi\u015ftir. \u00d6mer \u0130bn Hattab\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde, bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine Kufe\u2019nin emirli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f, ancak adil bir ki\u015fili\u011fi ve sade ya\u015fam\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bir grup onun g\u00f6revden \u00e7ekilmesi ortam\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Sonra Medine\u2019ye geri d\u00f6nerek Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) yan\u0131nda kalarak ondan yararlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.[167]<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bn Abbas (Abdullah b. Abbas): Hz. Peygamber ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin amcao\u011fludur. Peygamberden \u00e7ok say\u0131da hadis nakletmi\u015ftir.[168] \u0130bn Abbas halifelerin d\u00f6neminde her zaman Hz. Ali\u2019yi (a.s) hilafet makam\u0131na lay\u0131k g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde Cemel, S\u0131ffin ve Nehrevan sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130mam\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fmu\u015f ve \u0130mam taraf\u0131ndan Basra valisi olmu\u015ftur.[169]<\/p>\n<p>Muhammed \u0130bn Ebu Bekir (Birinci halifenin o\u011flu): Hicr\u00ee onuncu y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Kendisi \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) has ashab\u0131ndan idi ve \u00f6nceki halifelerin Hz. Ali\u2019nin (a.s) hakk\u0131n\u0131 yediklerine inanmaktayd\u0131. \u015e\u00f6yle diyordu: Hilafet i\u00e7in Hz. Ali\u2019den daha lay\u0131k kimse yoktur.[170] Muhammed, \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) hilafeti d\u00f6neminde Cemel, S\u0131ffin sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130mam\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hicr\u00ee 36 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ramazan ay\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r valisi oldu ve Hicr\u00ee 38. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Safer ay\u0131nda Muaviye ordusu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.[171]<\/p>\n<p>Meysem-i Tammar: Meysem Temmar Esedi K\u00fbfi, \u0130mam Ali, \u0130mam Hasan ve \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in (a.s) has ashab\u0131ndan idi. O, \u201c\u015eartetu\u2019l Hamis\u201dten birisiydi. Bu grup, sava\u015flarda son nefeslerine kadar \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin yan\u0131nda yer alarak ona yard\u0131m edeceklerine dair \u0130mam Ali (a.s) ile ahitle\u015fmi\u015flerdi.[172]<\/p>\n<p>Veysel Karani: Uveys b. Amir Muradi Karani, Zahitli\u011fi ile me\u015fhurdur. Kendisi Hz. Peygamber hayattayken ona iman etmi\u015ftir.[173] Uveys, \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) has yaranlar\u0131ndan idi ve \u0130mama biat ederek son nefesine kadar onun yan\u0131nda yer alaca\u011f\u0131na ve sava\u015flarda asla ona s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fine dair s\u00f6z vermi\u015fti.[174]<\/p>\n<p>Zeyd b. Suhan: Zeyd b. Suhan Abdi, \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) ashab\u0131ndand\u0131. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin sava\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve sonunda Cemel sava\u015f\u0131nda Nakisin ordusu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[175]<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u2019sae b. Suhan: Sa\u2019sae b. Suhan Abdi de \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) ashab\u0131ndan idi. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin (a.s) sava\u015flar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[176] Kendisi Osman\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u0130mam Ali\u2019ye (a.s) biat eden ilk ki\u015filerden birisidir.[177]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/erfan.ir\/turkish\/www.abna24.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nsource : abna24<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ehlibeyt (a.s) Haber Ajans\u0131 ABNA &#8211; Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talip (Arap\u00e7a: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628, \u0130ngilizce: Ali b. Abi Talib) (Hicretten 23 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u2013 Hicr\u00ee 40) t\u00fcm \u015eia f\u0131rkalar\u0131n\u0131n birinci imam\u0131 ve Ehlis\u00fcnnet nezdinde Hulefa-i Ra\u015fidin\u2019dendir (Ra\u015fid Halifeler veya D\u00f6rt B\u00fcy\u00fck Halifelerden). Kendi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[56,111],"class_list":["post-3667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-debates","tag-imam-ali-a-s","tag-kabe","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3667"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3670,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3667\/revisions\/3670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}