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Meb\u2019es (Arap\u00e7a: \u0645\u064e\u0628\u0639\u064e\u062b), Hz. Muhammed Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n (s.a.a) insanlar\u0131n hidayeti i\u00e7in Allah taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmesini zaman ve mek\u00e2n olarak anlatan bir terimdir. \u201cMeb\u2019es\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201cbi\u2019set\u201d manas\u0131na gelen masdar anlam\u0131 da yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bi\u2019set kelimesi \u0130slam litaret\u00fcr\u00fcnde daha \u00e7ok Hz. Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.a) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Efendimiz (s.a.a) 40 ya\u015f\u0131nda Nur da\u011f\u0131nda (Mekke \u015fehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda) Hira ma\u011faras\u0131nda peygamberli\u011fe se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve bu \u0130slam dininin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu olay \u0130mamiye \u015eialar\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fhur g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re Hicretten 13 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Recep ay\u0131n\u0131n 27\u2019sinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hz. Fahri K\u00e2inat Efendimizin (s.a.a) bi\u2019setinden \u00f6nce o b\u00f6lgenin insanlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok putperest idi. Ancak buna ra\u011fmen aya tapanlar, g\u00fcne\u015fe tapanlar, y\u0131ld\u0131za tapanlar ve tahrif olmu\u015f semavi dinlere mensup olanlarda Hicaz\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar. Ama Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.a) bi\u2019seti ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n zuhuru ile bu din putperestlik dinini ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Hicaz\u2019a h\u00e2kim olmu\u015ftur. Terminoloji<\/strong> \u201cMeb\u2019es\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, masdar\u0131 mimi, ismi zaman ve ismi mek\u00e2nd\u0131r. \u201cb-e-s\u201d (\u0628 \u0639 \u062b) k\u00f6k\u00fcnden ve g\u00f6nderme anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Meb\u2019es g\u00f6ndermek,[1] yollamak[2] ve ba\u015flatmak[3] anlamlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kur\u2019an\u2019da<\/strong><\/p>\n Bi\u2019set, Kur\u2019an k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde i\u00e7inde bir \u00e7e\u015fit de\u011fi\u015fiklik olan tekam\u00fcl\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131ndan birisine g\u00f6nderme ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bundan dolay\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fclerin ha\u015f\u0131r edilmesi manas\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, zira b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fim ve yeni bir atmosfere girmenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.[7] Ancak yayg\u0131n terim anlam\u0131 olarak peygamberlerin insanlar\u0131n hidayeti i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilme ve yollanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[8] Hicaz\u2019\u0131n Bi\u2019set \u00d6ncesi Dini<\/strong><\/p>\n Adada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun dini her t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekliyle putperestlikti. Yemen\u2019de ay ve g\u00fcne\u015fe tapmak yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Ay\u0131 ilah, g\u00fcne\u015fi ilahe bilmekteydiler. Abdu\u015f\u015fems, Abdu\u015f\u015farik, Abdunnecm, Abduss\u00fcreyya gibi isimler bu t\u00fcr ibadetlerin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131. Manevi kavramlara ve g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen g\u00fc\u00e7lere tapmak da ba\u015fka bir toplulu\u011fun ibadet tarz\u0131yd\u0131.[15] \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin \u0130slam \u00d6ncesi Ya\u015fama Dair A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n nakletti\u011fine g\u00f6re M\u00fcminlerin Emiri \u0130mam Ali (a.s) Hz. Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.a) bi\u2019setinden \u00f6nceki araplar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 Muhammed\u2019i \u00e2lemleri korkutmak sak\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve indirdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri emin bir halde korumak i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi. Siz Arap toplumu en k\u00f6t\u00fc bir din \u00fczereydiniz ve en k\u00f6t\u00fc bir yeri yurt\/ev edinmi\u015ftiniz. Sarp ta\u015flar\/kayalar ve (seslerden \u00fcrkmeyen) zehirli y\u0131lanlar vard\u0131 \u00e7evrenizde\/y\u00f6renizde. Bulan\u0131k\/pis sular i\u00e7iyor, (kertenkele, hurma \u00e7ekirde\u011finden yap\u0131lan un gibi) sert \u015feyler yiyor, birbirinizin kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcyor, yak\u0131nl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmiyordunuz. Putlar\u0131n\u0131z aran\u0131zda dikilmi\u015f, g\u00fcnah i\u015f-liyor, \u00e7ekinmiyordunuz.\u201d[19]<\/p>\n Hz. Fahri K\u00e2inat\u0131n Bi\u2019seti<\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Fahri K\u00e2inat Efendimizin (s.a.a) bi\u2019seti 40 ya\u015f\u0131nda veya me\u015fhur g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak 43 ya\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[20] Bu ihtilaf\u0131n nedeni bi\u2019set kavram\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 edinimlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r; acaba Kur\u2019an ve ilahi ayetlerin ilk nazil olmas\u0131 ile bi\u2019set ayn\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r yoksa resmi ve aleni tebli\u011fle mi? \u0130slam K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Bi\u2019setin Yeri<\/strong><\/p>\n Bi\u2019setin \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00e7ok \u00f6zel yeri vard\u0131r. Bi\u2019set ger\u00e7ekte \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flama noktas\u0131d\u0131r. ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7ok zor ko\u015fullarda az bir taraftarla insanlar\u0131n hidayeti i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130slam dini, sonralarda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir \u00e7ok g\u00f6n\u00fclleri kendisine ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n 1.\u00a0Mustafavi, c. 1, s. 296. Bibliyografi<\/p>\n Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim. http:\/\/tr.wikishia.net\/view\/Bi%27set<\/p>\n W\u0130K\u0130SH\u0130A.NET<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Meb\u2019es (Arap\u00e7a: \u0645\u064e\u0628\u0639\u064e\u062b), Hz. Muhammed Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n (s.a.a) insanlar\u0131n hidayeti i\u00e7in Allah taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmesini zaman ve mek\u00e2n olarak anlatan bir terimdir. \u201cMeb\u2019es\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201cbi\u2019set\u201d manas\u0131na gelen masdar anlam\u0131 da yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[346,114],"class_list":["post-2622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-magazine","tag-biset","tag-hz-muhammed-s-a-a","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2622"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2625,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2622\/revisions\/2625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/al-mostabserin.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nHz. Resul\u00fc Kibriya Efendimizin (s.a.a) meb\u2019es y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bayramlar\u0131ndan ve meb\u2019es bayram\u0131 olarak kutlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nS\u00f6zl\u00fck ve Terim Anlam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nMeb\u2019es kelimesinde, bi\u2019set anlam\u0131na gelen mastar veya bi\u2019set zaman\u0131n\u0131 anlatan ismi zaman da dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla meb\u2019es g\u00fcn veya yevm kelimesiyle tamlanmaktad\u0131r (meb\u2019es g\u00fcn\u00fc veya yevmu\u2019l meb\u2019es).[4]
\nDini terim olarak, bi\u2019set bir insan\u0131n di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n hidayeti ve Allah\u2019\u0131n dinine davet i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilmesi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.[5] Meb\u2019es g\u00fcn\u00fc veya meb\u2019es bayram\u0131, Hz. Muhammed Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n (s.a.a) Allah taraf\u0131ndan risaletle mebus edildi\u011fi g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[6]<\/p>\n
\nKur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm yerlerinde \u201cbi\u2019set\u201d Allah\u2019a nispet verilmektedir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki \u00f6l\u00fclerin dirili\u015fi, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fa has yasa ve kanunlar ve resullerin g\u00f6nderili\u015finin tamam\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n alemlerin yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mutlak egemenli\u011fini ve program\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir.
\nPeygamberlerin g\u00f6nderilmesinde dikkati \u00e7eken \u015fey ise Allah\u2019\u0131n insanlara olan l\u00fctfudur.[9] Bu l\u00fctuf hidayet ve k\u0131lavuzluktur ve ayn\u0131 zamanda insanlar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inden ve ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcndendir.[10]
\n\u201cAndolsun, Allah, m\u00fcminlere kendi i\u00e7lerinden; onlara ayetlerini okuyan, onlar\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131p tertemiz yapan, onlara kitab ve hikmeti \u00f6\u011freten bir peygamber g\u00f6ndermekle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir l\u00fctufta bulunmu\u015ftur. Oysa onlar, daha \u00f6nce apa\u00e7\u0131k bir sap\u0131kl\u0131k i\u00e7inde idiler.\u201d[11]
\n\u0130nsan t\u00fcr ve cinsinden peygamberlerin se\u00e7ilmesi bazen peygamberlerin insanlar i\u00e7inde alaya al\u0131nmalar\u0131na ve m\u00fc\u015frikler, muannitler ve m\u00fctekebbirlerin ink\u00e2r\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.[12] Ancak burada hikmet ve bir mant\u0131k yatmaktad\u0131r. Zira peygamberler Kur\u2019an\u2019da \u00f6rnek ve model olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[13] E\u011fer ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcrden se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olsalard\u0131, be\u015feri bir model olamazlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her t\u00fcr\u00fcn peygamberinin kendi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden olmas\u0131 ilahi bir s\u00fcnnet ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bir kan\u0131t ve h\u00fcccettir.[14]<\/p>\n
\nTa\u015f ve a\u011fa\u00e7lara tapmak putperestli\u011fin bir ba\u015fka yans\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131. Uzza\u2019n\u0131n mabedi \u00fc\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131, Mekke ve Taif aras\u0131nda bulunmaktayd\u0131 ve ad\u0131na nahle denmekteydi. Mekke ve Kurey\u015f\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck putu Hubel\u2019di. Periler, devler ve yarat\u0131klar gibi ruhlara tapmak da adan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131.[16]
\n\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f semavi din mensuplar\u0131 da bu topraklar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar. Yahudilik Yemen, Vadi\u2019l Kura, Hayber ve Yesrip (Medine)\u2019de beni Kurayza, Kaynuka, Nadir kabileleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Kuzeyde ve Yemen\u2019in g\u00fcneyinde Taglib, Gussan, Kudai kabileleri aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanlar ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck ve Budizm kuzey do\u011fuda, Sabiiler Yemen, Harran ve Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131.[17]
\nAz bir grup ise bilinen yayg\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerden uzak kalmakta uzlet hayat\u0131 ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Nitekim baz\u0131 rivayetlerde Hz. Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.a) dedesi Abdulmuttalip, ilk olarak Ramazan ay\u0131nda Hira ma\u011faras\u0131nda kalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ramazan ay\u0131 oldu\u011funda Hira\u2019ya gider ve \u00f6ks\u00fczlere yard\u0131m ederdi. Ondan sonra Varake bin Nufel, Ebu Umeyye bin Mu\u011feyre gibileri onu takip etmi\u015f ve Ramazan ay\u0131 sonuna kadar o b\u00f6lgelerde kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Elbette Hira gibi bir noktada toplanm\u0131yorlard\u0131, ancak Ramazan ay\u0131nda uzlet ettikleri kesindir. Bu da halk\u0131n Ramazan ay\u0131na duydu\u011fu sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte ve hatta belki de bu adetin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften o g\u00fcne kadar yayg\u0131n olarak geldi\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu t\u00fcr bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini kendisine se\u00e7en veya putperestlik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan gruplara h\u00fcnefa (hanifin \u00e7o\u011fulu) denmekteydi.[18]<\/p>\n
\nTarih\u00e7ilerin dedi\u011fine g\u00f6re meb\u2019es, Ammu\u2019l Fil y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 40\u2019\u0131nda Recep ay\u0131n\u0131n 27\u2019sinde ve \u0130ran\u2019daki Husrev Perviz h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 20. Y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fka g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n 17 veya 18\u2019inde yahut Rebi\u00fclevvel ay\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnlerinden birinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u015eialar bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler i\u00e7inde birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul etmektedir.[21]
\nHz. Resul\u00fc Kibriya Efendimiz (s.a.a) ibadet ve yakar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in Hira ma\u011faras\u0131nda oldu\u011funda Alak suresinin ilk ayetleriyle ilahi daveti ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve M\u00fcddessir suresinin ilk ayetleri ile bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam etmi\u015ftir.[22]
\nHz. Muhammed Mustafa (s.a.a) bi\u2019setine yak\u0131n y\u0131llarda insanlardan uzak durmakta ve tek bir Allah\u2019a ibadet etmekteydi. Y\u0131lda bir ay boyunca Hira ad\u0131nda bir da\u011fda m\u00fcnzevi olur ve ibadet ederdi. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda onun yan\u0131na giden her ihtiya\u00e7 sahibine yemek verirdi. \u0130badetle ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ay bittikten sonra Mekke\u2019ye d\u00f6nerdi. Yine Hira\u2019da inzivaya \u00e7ekilip ibadetle ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerden bir g\u00fcn peygamberlikle g\u00f6revlendirildi. Hz. Muhammed (s.a.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: Cebrail benim yan\u0131ma gelerek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: Oku. Dedim ki: Ben okuma bilmem. Yine oku dedi. Dedim ki: ne okuyay\u0131m? Dedi ki: \u201c\u0130kra bismi rabbikellezi halek\u201d (Yaratan Rabbinin ad\u0131yla oku). Nitekim me\u015fhur oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re peygamberlikle \u015fereflendirildi\u011finde k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nAllah Resul\u00fc (s.a.a) kendisine nazil olan Alak Suresinin ilk ayetlerinin telakkisi ve peygamberlikle \u015fereflenmesinin ard\u0131ndan mabedinden ayr\u0131larak Mekke\u2019nin i\u00e7ine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. O geceye kadar ba\u015f\u0131na gelmemi\u015f b\u00f6yle bir durumun ard\u0131ndan her \u015feyden \u00f6nce kendi evine d\u00f6nmesi gayet do\u011fald\u0131. Evinde o anda \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi bulunmaktayd\u0131: De\u011ferli e\u015fi Hz. Hatice, amcao\u011flu Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talip ve Zeyd b. Harise. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) tevhide ilk davetini kendi ailesinden ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve ona ilk iman eden ki\u015fi e\u015fi Hatice ve erkeklerden o s\u0131ralar bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi amcao\u011flu Hz. Ali b. Ebu Talip (a.s) oldu.[23]
\nCebrail taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Peygamer Ekrem\u2019e (s.a.a) ilk kez vahiy nazil oldu\u011funda bunun bir heybet ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi nakledilmi\u015f, (Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.a) evine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde e\u015fi Hz. Hatice\u2019ye (s.a): \u201cbeni \u00f6rt\u201d demi\u015ftir) ancak \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ve belirsizlik nakledilmemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Efendimize vahiy nazil olmadan \u00f6nce ruhi olarak buna tam anlam\u0131yla haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ve gaybet alemi ve vahiy mele\u011fi ile ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131, vahiy mele\u011fini daha \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rmese de bunun eser ve izlerini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hira da\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi uzlet s\u0131ras\u0131nda buna tam anlam\u0131yla adapte olmu\u015f gayp alemiyle ilintili g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc r\u00fcyalar, bi\u2019setten \u00f6nce vahiy mele\u011finin sesini duymas\u0131, \u0130srafil (mele\u011fi) ile 3 y\u0131l ve Cebrail ile 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir irtibat\u0131n\u0131n hepsi[24] Hz. Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.a) insanlar\u0131n hidayeti i\u00e7in peygamberlikle g\u00f6revlendirilmesi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar idi.
\nT\u00fcm bunlar, Peygamber efendimizin (s.a.a) vahiy atmosferine ve vahiy mele\u011fiyle ili\u015fkisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yine vahiy s\u0131ras\u0131nda korktu\u011fu, \u015fa\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Hz. Hatice ve Varake bin Nufel ile isti\u015fare ettikten ve onlar\u0131n onay\u0131 ile peygamberli\u011fe se\u00e7ildi\u011fini anlamas\u0131 ile rahatlayarak bu korkular\u0131ndan kurtuldu\u011fu gibi nakillerle \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.[25]
\nHz. Muhammed\u2019in (s.a.a) peygamberli\u011fe se\u00e7ildikten sonra davetinin \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca gizli oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim ayetlerinin n\u00fczul s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re bi\u2019setinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra umumi davete ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.a) ilk \u00f6nce insanlar\u0131 putlara tapmaktan sak\u0131nd\u0131rmakta ve tek Allah\u2019a tapmalar\u0131n\u0131 istemekteydi. Nitekim me\u015fhur oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bi\u2019setin \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 onu insanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tevhide davet etmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdi.
\n\u0130bn \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bu ayet nazil olunca Hz. Peygamber, Hz. Ali\u2019yi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: Ey Ali! Allah bana yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131m\u0131 Ona tap\u0131nmaya davet etmemi emretti. Bir koyun kes ve bir miktar ekmek ve s\u00fct haz\u0131rla. Hz. Ali (a.s) denilenleri aynen yerine getirdi. O g\u00fcn Abdulmuttalib o\u011fullar\u0131ndan 40 ki\u015fi veya 40\u2019a yak\u0131n ki\u015fi bir araya gelerek o yemekten yediler. Tam Peygamber konu\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015flamak isterken Ebu Lehep, O sizi b\u00fcy\u00fcledi dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine meclis kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Allah Resul\u00fc bir g\u00fcn sonra yine onlar\u0131 davet etti ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: Ey Abdulmuttalib o\u011fullar\u0131! Araplar\u0131n kendi kavimlerine benim size getirdi\u011fimden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir \u015fey getirdiklerini sanm\u0131yorum. Ben, d\u00fcnya ve ahireti size getirdim. Tabari \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: Allah Resul\u00fc (s.a.a) akrabalar\u0131na davetini ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: Sizlerden hanginiz bu konuda bana yard\u0131m edecek? Her kim bana bu yolda yard\u0131m ederse aran\u0131zda benim karde\u015fim, vasim ve halifem olacakt\u0131r. Herkes sessiz kald\u0131. Hz. Ali (a.s) kalkarak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Resul\u00fc! O ki\u015fi benim. Peygamber \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: O, sizin aran\u0131zda benim vasim ve halifemdir; onun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dinleyin ve ona itaat edin. Bu rivayeti ba\u015fka tarih\u00e7i ve siyer yazarlar\u0131 da kitaplar\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f ve me\u015fhur hadislerdendir. Zamanla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca Kurey\u015f\u2019in ileri gelenleri tedirgin olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nBi\u2019set g\u00fcn\u00fc, t\u00fcm \u0130slam f\u0131rkalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bayramd\u0131r ve \u0130slam topraklar\u0131nda kendi has \u00f6rf ve adetlerine g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fenliklerle kutlanmaktad\u0131r.[26]<\/p>\n
\n2.\u00a0Ferahidi, c. 2, s. 112.
\n3.\u00a0Ra\u011f\u0131b, c. 1, s. 132.
\n4.\u00a0Humayi, Mebhes Bi\u2019set Resul\u00fc Ekrem (s.a.a), s. 43.
\n5.\u00a0Tehanevi, c. 1, s. 340.
\n6.\u00a0Humayi, Mebhes Bi\u2019set Resul\u00fc Ekrem (s.a.a), s. 44.
\n7.\u00a0Yasin, 52, Bakara, 56, Hac, 7; Bkz. Ra\u011f\u0131b \u0130sfahani, H\u00fcseyin, el-M\u00fcfredat fi Garibi\u2019l Kur\u2019an, s. 52,53.
\n8.\u00a0Bakara, 2123, Nahl, 36, \u0130sra, 17.
\n9.\u00a0Al-i \u0130mran, 164.
\n10.\u00a0Tevbe, 128, Cuma, 2.
\n11.\u00a0Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim, Al-i \u0130mran, 164.
\n12.\u00a0\u0130sra, 94, 17; Furkan, 25, 41.
\n13.\u00a0Ahzab, 21, 23; M\u00fcmtehine, 6, 60.
\n14.\u00a0\u0130sra, 17, 95.
\n15.\u00a0\u015eehidi, Bi\u2019set Name: Hz. Resulullah\u2019\u0131n bi\u2019seti hakk\u0131nda makaleler, s. 300.
\n16.\u00a0\u015eehidi, Bi\u2019set Name: Hz. Resulullah\u2019\u0131n bi\u2019seti hakk\u0131nda makaleler, s. 301.
\n17.\u00a0\u015eehidi, Bi\u2019set Name: Hz. Resulullah\u2019\u0131n bi\u2019seti hakk\u0131nda makaleler, s. 301.
\n18.\u00a0Ramyar, Tarihi Kur\u2019a, s. 37.
\n19.\u00a0Nehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa, Terc\u00fcme Ayeti, hutbe, 26, s. 79- 81.
\n20.\u00a0Yakubi, Ahmet, Tarih, c. 2, s. 15; \u0130bn Esir, el-Kamil, c. 2, s. 46; \u0130bn Kesir, es-Siyretu\u2019n Nebeviyye, c. 1, s. 385.
\n21.\u00a0\u0130bn Hi\u015fam, Abdulmelik, es-Siyretu\u2019n Nebeviyye, c. 1, s. 240; Yakubi, Ahmed, Tarih, c. 2, s. 15; Taberi, Tarih, c. 2, s. 293.
\n22.\u00a0\u0130bn Hi\u015fam, Abdulmelik, es-Siyretu\u2019n Nebeviyye, c. 1, s. 236-237; Yakubi, Ahmed, Tarih, c. 2, s. 16; Taberi, Tarih, c. 2, s. 298.
\n23.Yakubi, Ahmed, Tarih, c. 2, s. 17, 18.
\n24.\u00a0Yakubi, Ahmed, Tarih, c. 2, s. 16; \u0130bn Esir, el-Kamil, c. 2, s. 46, 50.
\n25.\u00a0\u0130bn Hi\u015fam, Abdulmelik, es-Siyretu\u2019n Nebeviyye, c. 1, s. 238; Yakubi, Ahmed, Tarih, c. 2, s. 17; Taberi, Tarih, c. 2, s. 299.
\n26.\u00a0Muti, Bi\u2019set, s. 280.<\/p>\n
\nNehc\u00fc\u2019l Bela\u011fa, Terc\u00fcme Abdulmuhammed Ayeti, Tahran, defteri Ne\u015fri Ferhengi \u0130slami, \u015f. 1377.
\n\u0130bn Esir, el-Kamil.
\n\u0130bn Kesir, es-Siyretu\u2019n Nebeviyye, Mustafa Abdulvahid\u2019in katk\u0131lar\u0131yla, Beyrut, m. 964.
\n\u0130bn Hi\u015fam, Abdulmelik, es-Siyretu\u2019n Nebeviyye, Mustafa Saka ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla, Kahire, m. 936.
\nRa\u011f\u0131b \u0130sfahani, H\u00fcseyin, el-M\u00fcfredat fi Garibi\u2019l Kur\u2019an, Muhammed Seyyid Gilani\u2019nin katk\u0131lar\u0131yla, Beyrut, Daru\u2019l Marifet.<\/p>\n